SynthesisThe Cochrane database of systematic reviews2000
Hypnotherapy for smoking cessation.
Synthesis in The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2000. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hypnotherapy for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- [Guidelines for smoking cessation - update 2010].Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2011Guideline
- Interventions for promoting smoking cessation during pregnancy.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2009Pooled it
- Community interventions for reducing smoking among adults.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2002Pooled it
- Group hypnotherapy versus group relaxation for smoking cessation: an RCT study protocol.BMC public health · 2012Trial
- Effect of cognitive behavior therapy on abstinence among healthy smokers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Osong public health and research perspectives · 2025Article
- Facilitators and barriers to smoking cessation: a qualitative study among health professionals in Germany.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Hypnotherapy compared to cognitive-behavioral therapy for smoking cessation in a randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- Measuring the Effect of Smoking or Tobacco Use on Vertigo Among the Adult Population in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.Cureus · 2023Article
- E-Cigarette Aerosol Condensate Leads to Impaired Coronary Endothelial Cell Health and Restricted Angiogenesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Interventions to prevent periodontal disease in tobacco-, alcohol-, and drug-dependent individuals.Periodontology 2000 · 2020Review
- Effectiveness of a brief intervention for smoking cessation using the 5A model with self-help materials and using self-help materials alone: A randomised controlled trial.Malaysian family physician : the official journal of the Academy of Family Physicians of Malaysia · 2019Article
- Treating tobacco dependence: guidance for primary care on life-saving interventions. Position statement of the IPCRG.NPJ primary care respiratory medicine · 2017Review
- Experiences of COPD patients with existing smoking cessation programs and their preferences for improvement - a qualitative analysis.Tobacco induced diseases · 2016Article
- Hypnosis for cancer care: over 200 years young.CA: a cancer journal for clinicians · 2013Review
- Cigarette smoking in iran.Iranian journal of public health · 2012Article
- iPhone apps for smoking cessation: a content analysis.American journal of preventive medicine · 2011Article
- Pharmacogenetics of smoking cessation in general practice: results from the patch II and patch in practice trials.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2011Review
- The effectiveness of interventions to change six health behaviours: a review of reviews.BMC public health · 2010Review
- [Treatment of tobacco dependence: a responsibility of psychiatry and addiction medicine].Der Nervenarzt · 2009Review
Corrections and comments
- Updated by
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHypnotherapy is widely promoted as a method for aiding smoking cessation. It is proposed to act on underlying impulses to weaken the desire to smoke or strengthen the will to stop.
objectivesThe objective of this review was to evaluate the effects of hypnotherapy for smoking cessation. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group trials register. SELECTION CRITERIA: We considered randomised trials of hypnotherapy which reported smoking cessation rates at least six months after the beginning of treatment. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers extracted data on the type of subjects, the type and duration of the hypnotherapy, the nature of the control group,the outcome measures, method of randomisation, and completeness of follow-up. The main outcome measure was abstinence from smoking after at least six months follow-up in patients smoking at baseline. We used the most rigorous definition of abstinence in each trial, and biochemically validated rates where available. Subjects lost to follow-up were counted as smokers. Where possible, we performed meta-analysis using a fixed effects model. MAIN
resultsNine studies compared hypnotherapy with 14 different control interventions. There was significant heterogeneity between the results of the individual studies, with conflicting results for the effectiveness of hypnotherapy compared to no treatment or to advice. We therefore did not attempt to calculate pooled odds ratios for the overall effect of hypnotherapy. There was no evidence of an effect of hypnotherapy compared to rapid smoking or psychological treatment. REVIEWER'S
conclusionsWe have not shown that hypnotherapy has a greater effect on six month quit rates than other interventions or no treatment. The effects of hypnotherapy on smoking cessation claimed by uncontrolled studies were not confirmed by analysis of randomised controlled trials.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.