SynthesisThe Cochrane database of systematic reviews2000
Epidural versus non-epidural analgesia for pain relief in labour.
Synthesis in The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2000. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02705872 (Comparison of Two Methods of Administration of the Epidural, by Programmed Intermittent Bolus or Continuous Perfusion, on the Incidence of Cesarean Sections and Instrumented Deliveries in Primiparous Women), which is not on this map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Comparison of Two Methods of Administration of the Epidural, by Programmed Intermittent Bolus or Continuous Perfusion, on the Incidence of Cesarean Sections and Instrumented Deliveries in Primiparous Women
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 206 citations in OpenAlex.
- Rates of caesarean section and instrumental vaginal delivery in nulliparous women after low concentration epidural infusions or opioid analgesia: systematic review.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2004Pooled it
- Prevalence of Cesarean Section and Analysis of Neonatal Apgar Score and the Mean Time of Second Phase of Labor in Pregnant Women.Medical archives (Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina) · 2019Trial
- Trial
- The efficacy and safety of inflatable obstetric belts for management of the second stage of labor.Journal of Korean medical science · 2009Trial
- Randomised study of long term outcome after epidural versus non-epidural analgesia during labour.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2002Trial
- Article
- Hypnotherapy in management of delivery pain: a review.European journal of translational myology · 2019Article
- Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological Methods of Labour Pain Relief-Establishment of Effectiveness and Comparison.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Article
- Does labour epidural slow the progress of labour and lead to complications? Obstetricians' perception working in private and public sector teaching hospitals in a developing country.Indian journal of anaesthesia · 2015Article
- Epidural analgesia during labor vs no analgesia: A comparative study.Saudi journal of anaesthesia · 2012Article
- Pain relief in labor: a survey of awareness, attitude, and practice of health care providers in Zaria, Nigeria.Journal of pain research · 2011Article
- Where have all the midwives gone?The Journal of perinatal education · 2008Article
- Single-dose intrathecal analgesia to control labour pain: is it a useful alternative to epidural analgesia?Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien · 2007Review
- Analgesia for labour pain--analysis of the trends and associations in the Grampian region of Scotland between 1986 and 2001.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2006Article
- Does epidural analgesia increase rate of cesarean section?Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien · 2006Review
- Protocol for a randomised controlled trial of a decision aid for the management of pain in labour and childbirth [ISRCTN52287533].BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2004Article
- Recent developments in obstetrics.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2003Review
- Has the medicalisation of childbirth gone too far?BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2002Article
- Economic considerations related to providing adequate pain relief for women in labour: comparison of epidural and intravenous analgesia.PharmacoEconomics · 2002Review
- Rates for obstetric intervention among private and public patients in Australia: population based descriptive study.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2000Article
Corrections and comments
- Updated by
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundEpidural analgesia is effective in reducing labour pain, but the possible adverse effects are not clear.
objectivesThe objective of this review was to assess the effects of epidural analgesia on pain relief and adverse effects in labour. SEARCH STRATEGY: The Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group trials register was searched. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised trials comparing epidural analgesia with other forms of analgesia not involving regional blockade, or no intervention. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Eligibility and trial quality were assessed by one reviewer. Study authors were contacted for additional information. MAIN
resultsEleven studies involving 3157 women were included. Epidural analgesia was associated with greater pain relief than non-epidural methods, but also with longer first and second stages of labour, an increased incidence of fetal malposition, and increased use of oxytocin and instrumental vaginal deliveries. With new trial data included, no statistically significant effect on caesarean section rates could be identified. REVIEWER'S
conclusionsEpidural analgesia appears to be very effective in reducing pain during labour, although there appear to be some potentially adverse effects. Further research is needed to investigate adverse effects and to evaluate the different techniques used in epidural analgesia.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.