SynthesisThe Cochrane database of systematic reviews2000
Immersion in water in pregnancy, labour and birth.
Synthesis in The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2000. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immersion in water during labour and birth.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- Protocol for a randomised controlled trial of a decision aid for the management of pain in labour and childbirth [ISRCTN52287533].BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2004Article
- Neonatal sudden death due to Legionella pneumonia associated with water birth in a domestic spa bath.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2003Article
Corrections and comments
- Updated by
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundImmersion in warm water may help with relaxation, pain relief and increased elasticity of the birth canal. On the other hand, there may be risks associated with decreased mobility and inhalation of water by the baby, as well as increased risk of maternal infection.
objectivesThe objective of this review was to assess the effects of immersion in water during pregnancy, labour or birth on maternal, fetal, neonatal and caregiver outcomes. SEARCH STRATEGY: The Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group trials register was searched and study authors were contacted. SELECTION CRITERIA: Adequately controlled trials comparing the use of any kind of bath tub which allows immersion of the abdomen in water compared with non-immersion during pregnancy, labour or birth. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Trials were assessed for inclusion and quality by the reviewer and a colleague. MAIN
resultsThree trials involving 988 women were included. No statistically significant differences between immersion and no immersion were detected for use of pain relief, augmentation and duration of first stage of labour, meconium stained liquor and perineal trauma. Neonatal outcomes such as Apgar scores, umbilical arterial pH values and neonatal infection rates also showed no differences. REVIEWER'S
conclusionsThere is not enough evidence to evaluate the use of immersion in water during labour.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.