ArticlePhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences2000
Antiviral CD4 and CD8 T-cell memory: differences in the size of the response and activation requirements.
Article in Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 2000. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- GP38 as a vaccine target for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus.NPJ vaccines · 2023Article
- Trained immunity: a cutting edge approach for designing novel vaccines against parasitic diseases?Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Viral infection reveals hidden sharing of TCR CDR3 sequences between individuals.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Anti-tumor memory CD4 and CD8 T-cells quantified by bulk T-cell receptor (TCR) clonal analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- COVID-19 diverse outcomes: Aggravated reinfection, type I interferons and antibodies.Medical hypotheses · 2022Article
- Non-canonical B cell functions in transplantation.Human immunology · 2019Review
- Novel Injectable Pentablock Copolymer Based Thermoresponsive Hydrogels for Sustained Release Vaccines.The AAPS journal · 2016Article
- CD4 T-cell memory generation and maintenance.Critical reviews in immunology · 2014Review
- Differential T cell responses to residual viral antigen prolong CD4+ T cell contraction following the resolution of infection.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2013Article
- Enhanced responses to tumor immunization following total body irradiation are time-dependent.PloS one · 2013Article
- Absence of CD4 T-cell help provides a robust CD8 T-cell response while inducing effective memory in a preclinical model of melanoma.Immunotherapy · 2012Article
- Frequency of epitope-specific naive CD4(+) T cells correlates with immunodominance in the human memory repertoire.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2012Article
- Article
- Memory T-cell-specific therapeutics in organ transplantation.Current opinion in organ transplantation · 2009Review
- A critical precursor frequency of donor-reactive CD4+ T cell help is required for CD8+ T cell-mediated CD28/CD154-independent rejection.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2008Article
- Immunotherapy with internally inactivated virus loaded dendritic cells boosts cellular immunity but does not affect feline immunodeficiency virus infection course.Retrovirology · 2008Article
- Persistent parasites and immunologic memory in cutaneous leishmaniasis: implications for vaccine designs and vaccination strategies.Immunologic research · 2008Review
- Co-expression of sCD40LIg and CTLA4Ig mediated by adenovirus prolonged mouse skin allograft survival.Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B · 2006Article
- Control of homeostatic proliferation by regulatory T cells.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2005Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Following acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection, there is a potent antiviral CD8 T-cell response that eliminates the infection. This initial CD8 T-cell response is followed by a period of memory during which elevated numbers of virus-specific CD8 T cells remain in the mouse. CD4 T cells are also activated after LCMV infection, but relatively less is known about the magnitude and duration of the CD4 response. In this study, we used intracellular staining for interferon-gamma to measure both CD4 and CD8 responses in the same mice at the single cell level. After LCMV infection, there was an increase in the number of activated CD4 T cells and an associated increase in the number of virus-specific CD4 T cells. At the peak of this expansion phase, the frequency of virus-specific CD4 T cells was 1 in 20 (0.5-1.0 x 10(6) per spleen). Like the CD8 response, long-term CD4 memory could be found up to a year after the infection with frequencies of approximately 1 in 260 (0.5-1.5 x 10(5) per spleen). However, the magnitude of virus-specific CD8 T cells was greater than virus-specific CD4 T cells during all phases of the immune response (expansion, death, and memory). At day 8, there were 20- to 35-fold more virus-specific CD8 T cells than CD4 T cells. This initial difference in cell number lasted into the memory phase as there remained a ten- to 20-fold difference in the CD8 and CD4 responses. These results highlight the importance of the expansion phase in determining the size of the memory T-cell pool. In addition to the difference in the magnitude, the activation requirements of CD8 and CD4 T-cell responses were different: CD8 T responses were not affected by blockade of CD40-CD40 ligand interaction whereas CD4 responses were reduced 90%. So while there is long-term memory in both the CD8 and CD4 compartments, the rules regulating the activation of CD8 and CD4 T cells and the overall magnitude of the responses are different.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.