ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2000
Primitive synteny of vertebrate major histocompatibility complex class I and class II genes.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2000. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 161 citations in OpenAlex.
- Unheralded high MHC class II polymorphism in the abundant Atlantic herring resolved by long-read sequencing.Science advances · 2026Article
- The Phylogenomic Approach Suggests That Butyrophilins Have Ligands Beyond Gamma-Delta Receptors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Allele co-segregation and haplotype diversity of MHC IIβ genes in the small-spotted catshark Scyliorhinus canicula.Immunogenetics · 2025Article
- Extensive MHC class IIβ diversity across multiple loci in the small-spotted catshark (Scyliorhinus canicula).Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Selection and demography drive range-wide patterns of MHC-DRB variation in mule deer.BMC ecology and evolution · 2022Article
- Structure and evolution of the squamate major histocompatibility complex as revealed by twoFrontiers in genetics · 2022Article
- The transcriptome pattern of liver, spleen and hypothalamus provides insights into genetic and biological changes in roosters in response to castration.Frontiers in genetics · 2022Article
- Molecular Mechanisms UnderlyingFrontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Discovery of an ancient MHC category with both class I and class II features.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- Major histocompatibility complex genes and locus organization in the Komodo dragon (Varanus komodoensis).Immunogenetics · 2021Article
- The bowfin genome illuminates the developmental evolution of ray-finned fishes.Nature genetics · 2021Article
- A Highly Complex, MHC-Linked, 350 Million-Year-Old Shark Nonclassical Class I Lineage.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2021Article
- The Structure of a Peptide-Loaded Shark MHC Class I Molecule Reveals Features of the Binding between βJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2021Article
- Cartilaginous fish class II genes reveal unprecedented old allelic lineages and confirm the late evolutionary emergence of DM.Molecular immunology · 2020Article
- Population demographic history and adaptability of the vulnerable Lolokou Sucker Frog.Genetica · 2020Article
- A Newly Recognized Pairing Mechanism of the α- and β-Chains of the Chicken Peptide-MHC Class II Complex.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2020Article
- An Ancient, MHC-Linked, Nonclassical Class I Lineage in Cartilaginous Fish.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2020Article
- Identification of circRNAs in the Liver of Whitespotted Bamboo Shark (Frontiers in genetics · 2020Article
- Review
- The best smellers make the best choosers: mate choice is affected by female chemosensory receptor gene diversity in a mammal.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2018Article
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II molecules bind to and display peptidic antigens acquired from pathogens that are recognized by lymphocytes coordinating and executing adaptive immune responses. The two classes of MHC proteins have nearly identical tertiary structures and were derived from a common ancestor that probably existed not long before the emergence of the cartilaginous fish. Class I and class II genes are genetically linked in tetrapods but are not syntenic in teleost fish, a phylogenetic taxon derived from the oldest vertebrate ancestor examined to date. Cartilaginous fish (sharks, skates, and rays) are in the oldest taxon of extant jawed vertebrates; we have carried out segregation analyses in two families of nurse sharks and one family of the banded houndshark that revealed a close linkage of class IIalpha and beta genes both with each other and with the classical class I (class Ia) gene. These results strongly suggest that the primordial duplication giving rise to classical class I and class II occurred in cis, and the close linkage between these two classes of genes has been maintained for at least 460 million years in representatives of most vertebrate taxa.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.