ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2000
Quantitative assessment of Hox complex expression in the indirect development of the polychaete annelid Chaetopterus sp.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2000. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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8 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Article
- The genetic covariance between life cycle stages separated by metamorphosis.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2014Article
- Indirect development, transdifferentiation and the macroregulatory evolution of metazoans.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2010Review
- Hox gene expression in larval development of the polychaetes Nereis virens and Platynereis dumerilii (Annelida, Lophotrochozoa).Development genes and evolution · 2007Article
- Introduction. The evolution of evo-devo biology.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2000Article
- Precambrian animal diversity: putative phosphatized embryos from the Doushantuo Formation of China.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2000Article
- Regulatory evolution and the origin of the bilaterians.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2000Review
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4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A prediction from the set-aside theory of bilaterian origins is that pattern formation processes such as those controlled by the Hox cluster genes are required specifically for adult body plan formation. This prediction can be tested in animals that use maximal indirect development, in which the embryonic formation of the larva and the postembryonic formation of the adult body plan are temporally and spatially distinct. To this end, we quantitatively measured the amount of transcripts for five Hox genes in embryos of a lophotrochozoan, the polychaete annelid Chaetopterus sp. The polychaete Hox complex is shown not to be expressed during embryogenesis, but transcripts of all measured Hox complex genes are detected at significant levels during the initial stages of adult body plan formation. Temporal colinearity in the sequence of their activation is observed, so that activation follows the 3'-5' arrangement of the genes. Moreover, Hox gene expression is spatially localized to the region of teloblastic set-aside cells of the later-stage embryos. This study shows that an indirectly developing lophotrochozoan shares with an indirectly developing deuterostome, the sea urchin, a common mode of Hox complex utilization: construction of the larva, whether a trochophore or dipleurula, does not involve Hox cluster expression, but in both forms the complex is expressed in the set-aside cells from which the adult body plan derives.
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