ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2000
Evolution of the chordate body plan: new insights from phylogenetic analyses of deuterostome phyla.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2000. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 82 papers.
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82 citing papers in PubMed, 414 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Antero-posterior patterning in the brittle star Amphipholis squamata and the evolution of echinoderm body plans.EvoDevo · 2025Article
- Hemichordate cis-regulatory genomics and the gene expression dynamics of deuterostomes.Nature ecology & evolution · 2024Article
- Chromosome-level genome assemblies of 2 hemichordates provide new insights into deuterostome origin and chromosome evolution.PLoS biology · 2024Article
- Chromosomal-level genome assembly and annotation of the tropical sea cucumber Holothuria scabra.Scientific data · 2024Article
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- Molecular characterization of nervous system organization in the hemichordate acorn worm Saccoglossus kowalevskii.PLoS biology · 2023Article
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- Heterochrony and parallel evolution of echinoderm, hemichordate and cephalochordate internal bars.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2022Article
- Neuroecology beyond the brain: learning in Echinodermata.Learning & behavior · 2022Review
- Receptor Tyrosine Kinases ror1/2 and ryk Are Co-expressed with Multiple Wnt Signaling Components During Early Development of Sea Urchin Embryos.The Biological bulletin · 2021Article
- Detection of the First Epoxyalcohol Synthase/Allene Oxide Synthase (CYP74 Clan) in the Lancelet (International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Multiple paedomorphic lineages of soft-substrate burrowing invertebrates: parallels in the origin of Xenocratena and Xenoturbella.PloS one · 2020Article
- A stem group echinoderm from the basal Cambrian of China and the origins of Ambulacraria.Nature communications · 2019Article
- LanceletDB: an integrated genome database for lancelet, comparing domain types and combination in orthologues among lancelet and other species.Database : the journal of biological databases and curation · 2019Article
- Anteroposterior axis patterning by early canonical Wnt signaling during hemichordate development.PLoS biology · 2018Article
- The phylum Vertebrata: a case for zoological recognition.Zoological letters · 2018Review
- The CNS connectome of a tadpole larva ofeLife · 2016Article
- Xenacoelomorpha: a case of independent nervous system centralization?Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2016Article
22 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The deuterostome phyla include Echinodermata, Hemichordata, and Chordata. Chordata is composed of three subphyla, Vertebrata, Cephalochordata (Branchiostoma), and Urochordata (Tunicata). Careful analysis of a new 18S rDNA data set indicates that deuterostomes are composed of two major clades: chordates and echinoderms + hemichordates. This analysis strongly supports the monophyly of each of the four major deuterostome taxa: Vertebrata + Cephalochordata, Urochordata, Hemichordata, and Echinodermata. Hemichordates include two distinct classes, the enteropneust worms and the colonial pterobranchs. Most previous hypotheses of deuterostome origins have assumed that the morphology of extant colonial pterobranchs resembles the ancestral deuterostome. We present a molecular phylogenetic analysis of hemichordates that challenges this long-held view. We used 18S rRNA to infer evolutionary relationships of the hemichordate classes Pterobranchia and Enteropneusta. Our data show that pterobranchs may be derived within enteropneust worms rather than being a sister clade to the enteropneusts. The nesting of the pterobranchs within the enteropneusts dramatically alters our view of the evolution of the chordate body plan and suggests that the ancestral deuterostome more closely resembled a mobile worm-like enteropneust than a sessile colonial pterobranch.
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