ArticleThe EMBO journal2000
A small protein that mediates the activation of a two-component system by another two-component system.
Article in The EMBO journal, 2000. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 134 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
134 citing papers in PubMed, 265 citations in OpenAlex.
- Structure and function of Salmonella inner membrane.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Bacterial extracellular vesicles promote membrane repair and tolerance to polymyxin B.Science advances · 2026Article
- Engineering low-endotoxin lipid A in a double auxotrophFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Polymyxin resistance in Gram-negative bacteria: a comprehensive review with a focus on the role of 4-amino-4-doexy-L-arabinose.Molecular biology reports · 2025Review
- Analysis of stress-induced small proteins inScience signaling · 2025Article
- Analysis of stress-induced small proteins inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- An updated overview on the bacterial PhoP/PhoQ two-component signal transduction system.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- The multifaceted roles of phosphoethanolamine-modified lipopolysaccharides: from stress response and virulence to cationic antimicrobial resistance.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2024Review
- Antibiotic resistance mediated by gene amplifications.npj antimicrobials and resistance · 2024Review
- The transcriptional regulator Fur modulates the expression of uge, a gene essential for the core lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis in Klebsiella pneumoniae.BMC microbiology · 2024Article
- Influence of PhoPQ and PmrAB two component system alternations on colistin resistance from non-mcr colistin resistant clinical E. Coli strains.BMC microbiology · 2024Article
- Conserved patterns of sequence diversification provide insight into the evolution of two-component systems inMicrobial genomics · 2024Article
- Mechanistic and biophysical characterization of polymyxin resistance response regulator PmrA inFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- How Bacterial Pathogens Coordinate Appetite with Virulence.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2023Review
- Critical role of the RpoE stress response pathway in polymyxin resistance of Escherichia coli.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2023Article
- Article
- Review
- TheMicrobiology spectrum · 2022Article
- CRISPR-Cas System: A Tool to Eliminate Drug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Causes of polymyxin treatment failure and new derivatives to fill the gap.The Journal of antibiotics · 2022Review
74 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The PmrA-PmrB two-component system of Salmonella enterica controls resistance to the peptide antibiotic polymyxin B and to several antimicrobial proteins from human neutrophils. Transcription of PmrA-activated genes is induced by high iron, but can also be promoted by growth in low magnesium in a process that requires another two-component system, PhoP-PhoQ. Here, we define the genetic basis for the interaction between the PhoP-PhoQ and PmrA-PmrB systems. We have identified pmrD as a PhoP-activated gene that mediates the transcriptional activation of PmrA-regulated genes during growth in low magnesium. When transcription of pmrD is driven from a heterologous promoter, expression of PmrA-activated genes occurs even at repressing magnesium concentrations and becomes independent of the phoP and phoQ genes. The PmrD effect is specific for PmrA-regulated genes and requires functional PmrA and PmrB proteins. A pmrD mutant is sensitive to polymyxin if grown in low magnesium, but resistant if grown in high iron. The PmrD protein controls the activity of the PmrA-PmrB system at a post-transcriptional level.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.