ArticleInfection and immunity2000
Synthesis of polymerized melanin by Cryptococcus neoformans in infected rodents.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2000. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers.
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Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 151 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cell wall melanin impedes growth of theProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Fungal melanin suppresses airway epithelial chemokine secretion through blockade of calcium fluxing.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Immunoglobulin constant regions provide stabilization to the paratope and enforce epitope specificity.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2024Article
- Connecting Cryptococcal Meningitis and Gut Microbiome.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Radioimmunotherapy as a pathogen-agnostic treatment method for opportunistic mucormycosis infections.Access microbiology · 2023Article
- Cryptococcus spp. and Cryptococcosis: focusing on the infection in Brazil.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2022Review
- Targeting Melanin in Melanoma with Radionuclide Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Methamphetamine Enhances Cryptococcus neoformans Melanization, Antifungal Resistance, and Pathogenesis in a Murine Model of Drug Administration and Systemic Infection.Infection and immunity · 2022Article
- Deciphering the Association among Pathogenicity, Production and Polymorphisms of Capsule/Melanin in Clinical Isolates ofJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Cryptococcus neoformans melanization incorporates multiple catecholamines to produce polytypic melanin.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2022Article
- Fungal Biomarkers Stability in Mars Regolith Analogues after Simulated Space and Mars-like Conditions.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Fungal Keratitis in Northern Thailand: Spectrum of Agents, Risk Factors and Putative Virulence Factors.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Fungal Melanin and the Mammalian Immune System.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- The Genetic Architecture of Emerging Fungicide Resistance in Populations of a Global Wheat Pathogen.Genome biology and evolution · 2020Article
- Unconventional Constituents and Shared Molecular Architecture of the Melanized Cell Wall ofJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Melanin as a Virulence Factor in Different Species of GenusJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Solid-state NMR spectroscopy identifies three classes of lipids inThe Journal of biological chemistry · 2020Article
- Multidisciplinary characterization of melanin pigments from the black fungus Cryomyces antarcticus.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2020Article
- Environmental Factors That Contribute to the Maintenance ofMicroorganisms · 2020Review
- The Role of Testosterone and Gibberellic Acid in the Melanization ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The ability of Cryptococcus neoformans to synthesize polymerized melanin in vitro has been associated with virulence, but it is unclear whether this fungus synthesizes polymerized melanin during infection. To study this question, we used two approaches: one involved the generation of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to melanin for use in immunohistochemical studies of C. neoformans-infected rodents, and the other sought to isolate fungal melanin from infected tissues. Digestion of in vitro-melanized C. neoformans cells with proteases, denaturant, and hot concentrated acid yields melanin particles that retain the shape of fungal cells and are therefore called melanin ghosts. BALB/c mice were immunized with melanin ghosts, and two immunoglobulin M MAbs to melanin were generated from the spleen of one mouse. Immunofluorescence analyses of lung and brain tissues of rodents infected with wild-type melanin-producing (Mel(+)) C. neoformans strains demonstrated binding of the MAbs to the fungal cell wall. No binding was observed when infections were performed with mutant albino (Mel(-)) C. neoformans strains. Particles with striking similarity to melanin ghosts were recovered after digestion of lung and brain tissues from Mel(+) C. neoformans-infected rodents and were reactive with the MAbs to melanin. No particles were recovered from tissues infected with Mel(-) C. neoformans. A Mel(+) C. neoformans strain grown on lung or brain homogenate agar became lightly pigmented and also yielded particles similar to melanin ghosts upon digestion, providing additional evidence that lung and brain tissues contain substrate for C. neoformans melanization. These results demonstrate that C. neoformans synthesizes polymerized melanin during infection, which has important implications for pathogenesis and antifungal drug development.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.