ArticlePlant physiology2000
Five geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthases expressed in different organs are localized into three subcellular compartments in Arabidopsis.
Article in Plant physiology, 2000. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 95 papers.
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Who cites it
95 citing papers in PubMed, 253 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Farnesol and geranylgeraniol in plant reproduction: insights from Arabidopsis and beyond.Journal of experimental botany · 2026Review
- Genetic blueprint of herbaceous peony floral scent: evidence from terpene synthase, Nudix hydrolase, and prenyltransferase.Horticulture research · 2026Article
- Tissue-Specific Expression Analysis and Functional Validation ofPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Exogenous ALA promotes tomato fruit quality and pigment metabolism: physiological mechanisms.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Application of Image-Based Phenotyping for QTL Identification of Tiller Angle in Rice (Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Genome-Wide Identification of the Geranylgeranyl Pyrophosphate Synthase (GGPS) Gene Family Associated with Natural Rubber Synthesis inPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses of the effects of bagging treatment on carotenoid biosynthesis and regulation ofFrontiers in plant science · 2024Article
- Ectopic expression of the GRAS-type transcriptional regulatorFrontiers in plant science · 2024Article
- Investigation of the response of Platycodongrandiflorus (Jacq.) A. DC to salt stress using combined transcriptomics and metabolomics.BMC plant biology · 2023Article
- The functional evolution of architecturally different plant geranyl diphosphate synthases from geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase.The Plant cell · 2023Article
- A cytosolic bifunctional geranyl/farnesyl diphosphate synthase provides MVA-derived GPP for geraniol biosynthesis in rose flowers.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Genome-wide identification of the geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase (GGPS) gene family involved in chlorophyll synthesis in cotton.BMC genomics · 2023Article
- Biosynthesis of α-Bisabolol by Farnesyl Diphosphate Synthase and α-Bisabolol Synthase and Their Related Transcription Factors inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- How plants synthesize coenzyme Q.Plant communications · 2022Review
- Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Coordinated Transcriptional Regulation of Central and Secondary Metabolism in the Trichomes of Cannabis Cultivars.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Transcriptome Analyses Revealed the Key Metabolic Genes and Transcription Factors Involved in Terpenoid Biosynthesis in Sacred Lotus.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Article
- The terminal enzymes of (bacterio)chlorophyll biosynthesis.Royal Society open science · 2022Review
- Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses revealed the molecular mechanism of terpenoid formation for salicylic acid resistance inFrontiers in plant science · 2022Article
35 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) is the precursor for the biosynthesis of gibberellins, carotenoids, chlorophylls, isoprenoid quinones, and geranylgeranylated proteins in plants. There is a small gene family for GGPP synthases encoding five isozymes and one related protein in Arabidopsis, and all homologs have a putative localization signal to translocate into specific subcellular compartments. Using a synthetic green fluorescent protein (sGFP), we studied the subcellular localization of these GGPP synthases. When these fusion proteins were expressed by the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter in Arabidopsis, GGPS1-sGFP and GGPS3-sGFP proteins were translocated into the chloroplast, GGPS2-sGFP and GGPS4-sGFP proteins were localized in the endoplasmic reticulum, and the GGPS6-sGFP protein was localized in the mitochondria. Both GGPS1 and GGPS3 proteins synthesized in vitro were taken up into isolated intact pea chloroplasts and processed to the mature form. RNA-blot and promoter-beta-glucuronidase (GUS) analysis showed that these GGPP synthases genes are organ-specifically expressed in Arabidopsis. GGR and GGPS1 were ubiquitously expressed, while GGPS2, GGPS3, and GGPS4 were expressed specifically in the flower, root, and flower, respectively. These results suggest that each GGPP synthase gene is expressed in different tissues during plant development and GGPP is synthesized by the organelles themselves rather than being transported into the organelles. Therefore, we predict there will be specific pathways of GGPP production in each organelle.
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