ArticleJournal of virology2000
Reevaluation of amino acid variability of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 envelope glycoprotein and prediction of new discontinuous epitopes.
Article in Journal of virology, 2000. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
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31 citing papers in PubMed, 97 citations in OpenAlex.
- Identification of Owl Monkey CD4 Receptors Broadly Compatible with Early-Stage HIV-1 Isolates.Journal of virology · 2015Article
- Pattern of the evolution of HIV-1 enν gene in Côte d׳Ivoire.Bioinformation · 2014Article
- Molecular characterization of HIV-1 subtype C gp-120 regions potentially involved in virus adaptive mechanisms.PloS one · 2014Article
- Computational prediction of broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibody epitopes from neutralization activity data.PloS one · 2013Article
- Article
- Genes in the terminal regions of orthopoxvirus genomes experience adaptive molecular evolution.BMC genomics · 2011Article
- Change of positive selection pressure on HIV-1 envelope gene inferred by early and recent samples.PloS one · 2011Article
- Dynamic features of the selective pressure on the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp120 CD4-binding site in a group of long term non progressor (LTNP) subjects.Retrovirology · 2009Article
- The role of the humoral immune response in the molecular evolution of the envelope C2, V3 and C3 regions in chronically HIV-2 infected patients.Retrovirology · 2008Article
- Adaptation to human populations is revealed by within-host polymorphisms in HIV-1 and hepatitis C virus.PLoS pathogens · 2007Article
- Bursts of nonsynonymous substitutions in HIV-1 evolution reveal instances of positive selection at conservative protein sites.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2006Article
- The HIV Env variant N283 enhances macrophage tropism and is associated with brain infection and dementia.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2006Article
- Evolution of BK virus based on complete genome data.Journal of molecular evolution · 2006Article
- Evidence for heterogeneous selective pressures in the evolution of the env gene in different human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtypes.Journal of virology · 2005Article
- Molecular evolution of the hepatitis delta virus antigen gene: recombination or positive selection?Journal of molecular evolution · 2004Article
- Article
- Evidence for Selection of more Adapted Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Recombinant Strains in a Dually Infected Transfusion Recipient.Virus genes · 2004Article
- Linkage of amino acid variation and evolution of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 envelope glycoprotein (subtype B) with usage of the second receptor.Journal of molecular evolution · 2004Article
- Comparative study of adaptive molecular evolution in different human immunodeficiency virus groups and subtypes.Journal of virology · 2004Article
- Genetic and functional analysis of full-length human immunodeficiency virus type 1 env genes derived from brain and blood of patients with AIDS.Journal of virology · 2003Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
To elucidate the evolutionary mechanisms of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 envelope glycoprotein at the single-site level, the degree of amino acid variation and the numbers of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions were examined in 186 nucleotide sequences for gp120 (subtype B). Analyses of amino acid variabilities showed that the level of variability was very different from site to site in both conserved (C1 to C5) and variable (V1 to V5) regions previously assigned. To examine the relative importance of positive and negative selection for each amino acid position, the numbers of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions that occurred at each codon position were estimated by taking phylogenetic relationships into account. Among the 414 codon positions examined, we identified 33 positions where nonsynonymous substitutions were significantly predominant. These positions where positive selection may be operating, which we call putative positive selection (PS) sites, were found not only in the variable loops but also in the conserved regions (C1 to C4). In particular, we found seven PS sites at the surface positions of the alpha-helix (positions 335 to 347 in the C3 region) in the opposite face for CD4 binding. Furthermore, two PS sites in the C2 region and four PS sites in the C4 region were detected in the same face of the protein. The PS sites found in the C2, C3, and C4 regions were separated in the amino acid sequence but close together in the three-dimensional structure. This observation suggests the existence of discontinuous epitopes in the protein's surface including this alpha-helix, although the antigenicity of this area has not been reported yet.
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