Evidence map›Paper›PMID 10756001›Full record

ReviewClinical microbiology reviews2000

Worldwide Haemophilus influenzae type b disease at the beginning of the 21st century: global analysis of the disease burden 25 years after the use of the polysaccharide vaccine and a decade after the advent of conjugates.

H Peltola

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Clinical microbiology reviews, 2000. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 215 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
215citing papers in PubMed, 8 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

215 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  4. Conjugate Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines for sickle cell disease.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018
    Pooled it
  5. Corticosteroids for acute bacterial meningitis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2015
    Pooled it
  6. Pooled it
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  8. Efficacy of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccination of children: a meta-analysis.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2006
    Pooled it
  9. Trial
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  16. Vaccinations in patients with interstitial lung diseases: a narrative review.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026
    Review
  17. Carriage ofVaccines · 2026
    Review
  18. InvasiveDiseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Article
  19. Article
  20. [Use of vaccines to prevent the development of bacterial resistance].Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz · 2026
    Review

155 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

H PeltolaHelsinki University Central Hospital, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Helsinki, Finland. heikki.peltola@hus.fi

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) diseases began a quarter of a century ago with a polysaccharide vaccine; this vaccine was followed by four different conjugates 10 years later. In this review, the burden of global Hib disease is quantified following this 25-year period of vaccine availability to determine the potential impact of conjugate vaccines. This task was accomplished by analysis of data available in 10 languages in 75 geographical regions of over 50 countries. All severe Hib diseases, not only meningitis, were characterized, and special attention was paid to the most vulnerable age group, i.e., children aged 0 to 4 years. Prior to vaccination, the weighted worldwide incidence of meningitis in patients younger than 5 years was 57/100,000, and for all Hib diseases except nonbacteremic pneumonia, it was 71/100,000, indicating 357,000 and 445,000 cases per year, respectively. At least 108,500 of these children died. For all age groups combined, there were 486,000 cases of Hib disease, excluding pneumonia, with 114,200 deaths and probably an equal number of sequelae per annum. If the figures for nonbacteremic pneumonia are included, a conservative estimate is that over 2.2 million cases of infection and 520,000 deaths from Hib disease occurred worldwide, but the true numbers might have been greater. Despite these large numbers and availability of safe and efficacious vaccines, only 38,000 cases annually are prevented-a meager 8% or less than a 2% reduction in cases, depending on whether nonbacteremic pneumonia is included in the calculations. Although vaccination has had great success in some affluent countries, the current level of activity has had a very small impact globally. The use of conjugates, preferably with a reduced number of doses and in combination with other vaccines or perhaps in fractional doses, should be extended to less privileged countries, where most Hib disease occurs.

Indexed as

Global HealthHaemophilus VaccinesVaccinationBacterial CapsulesChild, PreschoolHaemophilus InfectionsHaemophilus influenzae type bHumansInfantInfant, NewbornPolysaccharides, BacterialVaccines, ConjugateHaemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide vaccineHaemophilus VaccinesPolysaccharides, BacterialVaccines, Conjugate

Identifiers

PMID10756001
PMCPMC100154

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.