Trial reportThe Journal of clinical investigation2000
Glatiramer acetate (Copaxone) induces degenerate, Th2-polarized immune responses in patients with multiple sclerosis.
Trial report in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2000. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 127 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
127 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 418 citations in OpenAlex.
- Analysis of multi-drug cancer nanomedicine.Nature nanotechnology · 2025Pooled it
- Glatiramer acetate for multiple sclerosis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2010Pooled it
- The effect of glatiramer acetate therapy on functional properties of B cells from patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.JAMA neurology · 2014Trial
- A randomized controlled double-masked trial of albuterol add-on therapy in patients with multiple sclerosis.Archives of neurology · 2010Trial
- Trial
- Gut-brain-immune axis implications for mental health and disease.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2025Review
- Glatiramer Acetate Modifies the Immune Profiles of Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells In Vitro Without Affecting Their Generation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Cellular and humoral vaccination response under immunotherapies-German consensus on vaccination strategies in neurological autoimmune diseases.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2025Article
- Effect of Different Treatments on Retinal Thickness Changes in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis: A Review.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2025Review
- Review
- Repurposing of glatiramer acetate to treat cardiac ischemia in rodent models.Nature cardiovascular research · 2024Article
- Cytokine Profiling in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Newly Diagnosed Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS): Associations between Inflammatory Biomarkers and Disease Activity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Immunomodulatory therapy with glatiramer acetate reduces endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Repurposing MS immunotherapies for CIDP and other autoimmune neuropathies: unfulfilled promise or efficient strategy?Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2023Review
- Immune Modulation by Antigenic Peptides and Antigenic Peptide Conjugates for Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis.Medical research archives · 2022Article
- T cell transgressions: Tales of T cell form and function in diverse disease states.International reviews of immunology · 2022Review
- Therapeutic Advances in Multiple Sclerosis.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Review
- A Treatment to Cure Diabetes Using Plant-Based Drug Discovery.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2022Article
- Influence of immunomodulatory drugs on the gut microbiota.Translational research : the journal of laboratory and clinical medicine · 2021Review
- Article
67 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
We examined the effect of glatiramer acetate, a random copolymer of alanine, lysine, glutamic acid, and tyrosine, on antigen-specific T-cell responses in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Glatiramer acetate (Copaxone) functioned as a universal antigen, inducing proliferation, independent of any prior exposure to the polymer, in T-cell lines prepared from MS or healthy subjects. However, for most patients, daily injections of glatiramer acetate abolished this T-cell response and promoted the secretion of IL-5 and IL-13, which are characteristic of Th2 cells. The surviving glatiramer acetate-reactive T cells exhibited a greater degree of degeneracy as measured by cross-reactive responses to combinatorial peptide libraries. Thus, it appears that, in some individuals, in vivo administration of glatiramer acetate induces highly cross-reactive T cells that secrete Th2 cytokines. To our knowledge, glatiramer acetate is the first agent that suppresses human autoimmune disease and alters immune function by engaging the T-cell receptor. This compound may be useful in a variety of autoimmune disorders in which immune deviation to a Th2 type of response is desirable.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.