ArticleBMJ (Clinical research ed.)2000
Relation between income inequality and mortality in Canada and in the United States: cross sectional assessment using census data and vital statistics.
Article in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2000. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 118 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
118 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The social determinants of infant mortality and birth outcomes in Western developed nations: a cross-country systematic review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2013Pooled it
- Is income inequality a determinant of population health? Part 1. A systematic review.The Milbank quarterly · 2004Pooled it
- Income inequality and life expectancy in Canada: New evidence from province-level panel regression, 1996-2019.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2025Article
- Heterogeneity in disparities by income in cardiovascular risk factors across 209 US metropolitan areas.Preventive medicine reports · 2024Article
- Variations in all-cause mortality, premature mortality and cause-specific mortality among persons with diabetes in Ontario, Canada.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2023Article
- Article
- Stepping up to the Canadian opioid crisis: a longitudinal analysis of the correlation between socioeconomic status and population rates of opioid-related mortality, hospitalization and emergency department visits (2000-2017).Health promotion and chronic disease prevention in Canada : research, policy and practice · 2022Article
- Comparison of mortality hazard ratios associated with health behaviours in Canada and the United States: a population-based linked health survey study.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Socioeconomic Classes among Oldest-Old Women in South Korea: A Latent Class Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Social capital and use of assisted reproductive technology in young couples: Ecological study using application information for government subsidies in Japan.SSM - population health · 2021Article
- Labor unions and health: A literature review of pathways and outcomes in the workplace.Preventive medicine reports · 2021Review
- Impacts from Economic Development and Environmental Factors on Life Expectancy: A Comparative Study Based on Data from Both Developed and Developing Countries from 2004 to 2016.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Comparison of All-Cause Mortality Rates and Inequities Between Black and White Populations Across the 30 Most Populous US Cities.JAMA network open · 2021Article
- The sociospatial factors of death: Analyzing effects of geospatially-distributed variables in a Bayesian mortality model for Hong Kong.PloS one · 2021Article
- Modal lifespan and disparity at older ages by leading causes of death: a Canada-U.S. comparison.Journal of population research (Canberra, A.C.T.) · 2020Article
- Care of acute conditions and chronic diseases in Canada and the United States: Rapid systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of public health research · 2019Article
- Family Histories and Teen Pregnancy in the United States and Canada.Journal of marriage and the family · 2018Article
- Health literacy - engaging the community in the co-creation of meaningful health navigation services: a study protocol.BMC health services research · 2018Article
- Household income, income inequality, and health-related quality of life measured by the EQ-5D in Shaanxi, China: a cross-sectional study.International journal for equity in health · 2018Article
- Income inequality and cardiovascular disease risk factors in a highly unequal country: a fixed-effects analysis from South Africa.International journal for equity in health · 2018Article
58 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo compare the relation between mortality and income inequality in Canada with that in the United States.
designThe degree of income inequality, defined as the percentage of total household income received by the less well off 50% of households, was calculated and these measures were examined in relation to all cause mortality, grouped by and adjusted for age.
settingThe 10 Canadian provinces, the 50 US states, and 53 Canadian and 282 US metropolitan areas.
resultsCanadian provinces and metropolitan areas generally had both lower income inequality and lower mortality than US states and metropolitan areas. In age grouped regression models that combined Canadian and US metropolitan areas, income inequality was a significant explanatory variable for all age groupings except for elderly people. The effect was largest for working age populations, in which a hypothetical 1% increase in the share of income to the poorer half of households would reduce mortality by 21 deaths per 100 000. Within Canada, however, income inequality was not significantly associated with mortality.
conclusionsCanada seems to counter the increasingly noted association at the societal level between income inequality and mortality. The lack of a significant association between income inequality and mortality in Canada may indicate that the effects of income inequality on health are not automatic and may be blunted by the different ways in which social and economic resources are distributed in Canada and in the United States.
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