ArticleOncogene2000
Evidence of epigenetic changes affecting the chromatin state of the retinoic acid receptor beta2 promoter in breast cancer cells.
Article in Oncogene, 2000. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 196 citations in OpenAlex.
- Promoter Methylation Status of the Retinoic Acid Receptor-Beta 2 Gene in Breast Cancer Patients: A Case Control Study and Systematic Review.Breast care (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Selective inhibition of ALDH1A3 impedes breast cancer growth and metastasis by blocking ALDH1A3-driven transcriptional programs.iScience · 2026Article
- Review
- Engineered pluronic nanomicelles containing ATRA and sodium butyrate for selective TNBC differentiation therapy.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Article
- The Contribution of Hippocampal All-Trans Retinoic Acid (ATRA) Deficiency to Alzheimer's Disease: A Narrative Overview of ATRA-Dependent Gene Expression in Post-Mortem Hippocampal Tissue.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- An Optimized CoBRA Method for the Microfluidic Electrophoresis Detection of Breast Cancer AssociatedBiotech (Basel (Switzerland)) · 2023Article
- Urinary parabens and breast cancer risk: Modification by LINE-1 and LUMA global DNA methylation, and associations with breast cancer defined by tumor promoter methylation status.Molecular carcinogenesis · 2022Article
- Article
- Role of Small Molecule Targeted Compounds in Cancer: Progress, Opportunities, and Challenges.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Review
- Multiple roles of HOX proteins in Metastasis: Let me count the ways.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2020Review
- Review
- Retinoic Acids in the Treatment of Most Lethal Solid Cancers.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Review
- Epigenetic polypharmacology: A new frontier for epi-drug discovery.Medicinal research reviews · 2020Review
- Review
- Induction of cell cycle arrest and inflammatory genes by combined treatment with epigenetic, differentiating, and chemotherapeutic agents in triple-negative breast cancer.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2018Article
- Downregulation of histone demethylase JMJD1C inhibits colorectal cancer metastasis through targeting ATF2.American journal of cancer research · 2018Article
- Article
- Blocking the PAH2 domain of Sin3A inhibits tumorigenesis and confers retinoid sensitivity in triple negative breast cancer.Oncotarget · 2016Article
- Combined Treatment with Epigenetic, Differentiating, and Chemotherapeutic Agents Cooperatively Targets Tumor-Initiating Cells in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Cancer research · 2016Article
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA)-resistance in breast cancer cells has been associated with irreversible loss of retinoic acid receptor beta, RARbeta, gene expression. Search of the causes affecting RARbeta gene activity has been oriented at identifying possible differences either at the level of one of the RARbeta promoters, RARbeta2, or at regulatory factors. We hypothesized that loss of RARbeta2 activity occurs as a result of multiple factors, including epigenetic modifications, which can pattern RARbeta2 chromatin state. Using methylation-specific PCR, we found hypermethylation at RARbeta2 in a significant proportion of both breast cancer cell lines and primary breast tumors. Treatment of cells with a methylated RARbeta2 promoter, by means of the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR), led to demethylation within RARbeta2 and expression of RARbeta indicating that DNA methylation is at least one factor, contributing to RARbeta inactivity. However, identically methylated promoters can differentially respond to RA, suggesting that RARbeta2 activity may be associated to different repressive chromatin states. This supposition is supported by the finding that the more stable repressive RARbeta2 state in the RA-resistant MDA-MB-231 cell line can be alleviated by the HDAC inhibitor, trichostatin A (TSA), with restoration of RA-induced RARbeta transcription. Thus, chromatin-remodeling drugs might provide a strategy to restore RARbeta activity, and help to overcome the hurdle of RA-resistance in breast cancer.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.