ArticleAnnals of the rheumatic diseases2000
Differential Th1/Th2 cytokine patterns in chronic arthritis: interferon gamma is highly expressed in synovium of rheumatoid arthritis compared with seronegative spondyloarthropathies.
Article in Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2000. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 184 citations in OpenAlex.
- Distinct effects of anti-tumor necrosis factor combined therapy on TH1/TH2 balance in rheumatoid arthritis patients.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2011Pooled it
- First-in-Human Single and Multiple Ascending Dose Studies of Balinatunfib, a Small Molecule Inhibitor of TNFR1 Signaling in Healthy Participants.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2025Trial
- The efficacy and safety of Jitongning Capsule () in patients with ankylosing spondylitis.Chinese journal of integrative medicine · 2013Trial
- From Adult to Adolescent: Alignment in Clinical Trials and Outcomes in Axial Spondyloarthritis.Arthritis care & research · 2026Review
- Salidroside: A Potential Drug Candidate to Treat Rheumatoid Arthritis.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Modulating the gut-immune axis to alleviate rheumatoid arthritis: mechanistic insights and therapeutic potential of traditional Chinese medicine.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- In vitro and in vivo modulatory effects of fluoxetine on gene expression and antioxidant enzymes in CFA-induced chronic inflammatory model: drug repurposing for arthritis.Inflammopharmacology · 2024Article
- Osteoporosis: interferon-gamma-mediated bone remodeling in osteoimmunology.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Article
- Are comorbidities associated with the cytokine/chemokine profile of persistent apical periodontitis?Clinical oral investigations · 2023Article
- Baricitinib therapy response in rheumatoid arthritis patients associates to STAT1 phosphorylation in monocytes.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Immunopathogenic mechanisms of rheumatoid arthritis and the use of anti-inflammatory drugs.Intractable & rare diseases research · 2021Review
- Immunomodulatory Effects of Curcumin in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Evidence from Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Outcomes.Reviews of physiology, biochemistry and pharmacology · 2021Review
- A potential diagnostic serum immunological marker panel to differentiate between primary and secondary knee osteoarthritis.PloS one · 2021Article
- Similarities and Differences Between Juvenile and Adult Spondyloarthropathies.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Review
- Psoriatic arthritis under the influence of IFNγ.Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) · 2020Review
- Osteopontin in Bone Metabolism and Bone Diseases.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2020Review
- The IL-17/IL-23 Axis and Its Genetic Contribution to Psoriatic Arthritis.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Increase In Il-31 Serum Levels Is Associated With Reduced Structural Damage In Early Axial Spondyloarthritis.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Ssu72 attenuates autoimmune arthritis via targeting of STAT3 signaling and Th17 activation.Scientific reports · 2017Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo investigate possible differences in Th1 and Th2 cytokine mRNA expression in the synovial tissue (ST) of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and seronegative spondyloarthropathies (SpA) with diagnostic and/or pathogenic interest.
methodsEleven RA patients and 14 SpA patients (10 with undifferentiated spondyloarthropathy (USpA), two with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and two with psoriatic arthritis (PsA)) were included. Th1 (interferon gamma, interleukin 2) and Th2 (interleukin 4, interleukin 5 and interleukin 10) cytokine mRNA levels from arthritic knee ST were quantified by using an optimised polymerase chain reaction method with a computerised analysis system. Protein levels of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin 1, tumour necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 6) in synovial fluid were quantified with a specific ELISA test.
resultsTh1 cytokines were detected in all of RA ST samples in contrast with 58% (interferon gamma) and 71% (interleukin 2) of SpA samples. Th2 cytokines were expressed in 90% of RA ST samples, but the findings in SpA were interleukin 10 in 90%, interleukin 4 in 60% and interleukin 5 in 40% of ST samples. However, when the mRNA levels of each cytokine were quantified and corrected for T cell mRNA levels, only interferon gamma levels were significantly higher in RA than in SpA (p<0.003). Thus, the Th1/Th2 cytokine ratio in RA was fivefold that of SpA. Synovial fluid interleukin 1beta concentrations were higher in RA than in SpA (p<0. 05); there were also higher synovial fluid levels of tumour necrosis factor alpha in RA than in SpA, but without statistical significance.
conclusionThis study has detected both Th1 and Th2 cytokine gene expression in ST from RA and SpA patients. Synovium interferon gamma mRNA levels and SF interleukin 1beta protein levels were significantly higher in RA than in SpA, so reflecting the known proinflammatory activity of interferon gamma through macrophage activation. Thus, the Th1 (interferon gamma)/Th2 (interleukin 4) ratio is significantly higher in RA than in SpA ST. These data confirm previous studies on ST Th1/Th2 balance in RA and extend previous work in comparing ST RA with subgroups of SpA distinct of ReA.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.