ArticleJournal of virology2000
Vaccinia virus envelope H3L protein binds to cell surface heparan sulfate and is important for intracellular mature virion morphogenesis and virus infection in vitro and in vivo.
Article in Journal of virology, 2000. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 192 papers.
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Who cites it
192 citing papers in PubMed, 317 citations in OpenAlex.
- Human Antibody Responses Following Vaccinia Immunization Using Protein Microarrays and Correlation With Cell-Mediated Immunity and Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity Responses.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2021Trial
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- Current Strategies for Selecting Recombinant Orthopoxvirus Proteins for Immunobiological and Diagnostic Applications.Viruses · 2026Review
- Exploration of the protein and pharmacological landscape of monkeypox virus treatment: from entry point to end point.Molecular diversity · 2026Review
- MPXV H3L elicits broadly directed CD4 T cell responses in mpox patients and MVA vaccinees.Npj viruses · 2026Article
- Therapeutic Poxviruses Induce the Secretion of Immunostimulating and Anti-Tumoral Extracellular Vesicles.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- Monkeypox (Mpox): a comprehensive review of epidemiology, therapeutic advances, and public health implications.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2026Review
- Recombinant P32 and B5R proteins of lumpy skin disease virus as candidate antigens for serodiagnostic applications.Veterinary research communications · 2026Article
- Antiviral potential of black tea and blueberry extracts against monkeypox virus by targeting orthopoxvirus surface proteins.Current research in microbial sciences · 2026Article
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- From skin lesions to multi-organ involvement: Organ tropism and pathogenesis of mpox virus.iScience · 2025Review
- Development of a replication-defective mpox virus platform for fundamental and therapeutic research.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Emerging strategies for monkeypox: antigen and antibody applications in diagnostics, vaccines, and treatments.Military Medical Research · 2025Review
- Structural dissection of vaccinia G9 identifies residues essential for membrane fusion and complex assembly.Journal of virology · 2025Article
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- The Role of Myxoma Virus Immune Modulators and Host Range Factors in Pathogenesis and Species Leaping.Viruses · 2025Review
- Molecular perspective of Orf virus infection in Türkiye: a retrospective study between 2003 and 2021.Tropical animal health and production · 2025Article
- Identification and characterization of O-GlcNAc modifications of a conserved orthopoxvirus core protein.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Article
132 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
An immunodominant antigen, p35, is expressed on the envelope of intracellular mature virions (IMV) of vaccinia virus. p35 is encoded by the viral late gene H3L, but its role in the virus life cycle is not known. This report demonstrates that soluble H3L protein binds to heparan sulfate on the cell surface and competes with the binding of vaccinia virus, indicating a role for H3L protein in IMV adsorption to mammalian cells. A mutant virus defective in expression of H3L (H3L(-)) was constructed; the mutant virus has a small plaque phenotype and 10-fold lower IMV and extracellular enveloped virion titers than the wild-type virus. Virion morphogenesis is severely blocked and intermediate viral structures such as viral factories and crescents accumulate in cells infected with the H3L(-) mutant virus. IMV from the H3L(-) mutant virus are somewhat altered and less infectious than wild-type virions. However, cells infected by the mutant virus form multinucleated syncytia after low pH treatment, suggesting that H3L protein is not required for cell fusion. Mice inoculated intranasally with wild-type virus show high mortality and severe weight loss, whereas mice infected with H3L(-) mutant virus survive and recover faster, indicating that inactivation of the H3L gene attenuates virus virulence in vivo. In summary, these data indicate that H3L protein mediates vaccinia virus adsorption to cell surface heparan sulfate and is important for vaccinia virus infection in vitro and in vivo. In addition, H3L protein plays a role in virion assembly.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.