ReviewEnvironmental health perspectives2000
Cyanobacterial toxins: removal during drinking water treatment, and human risk assessment.
Review in Environmental health perspectives, 2000. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 435 citations in OpenAlex.
- Freshwater Harmful Algal Blooms (HABS) Public Health Message Efficacy Evaluation.Journal of contemporary water research & education · 2026Article
- Estimating Operational Costs of Activated Carbon for Water Treatment Plants by Predicting the Rise of Harmful Algal Blooms Under Climate Change in Korea Using Machine Learning.Water environment research : a research publication of the Water Environment Federation · 2026Article
- Algal Blooms in Lakes Increase After Wildfire Smoke Events in the Contiguous United States.Global change biology communications · 2026Article
- Factors Affecting Risk Perceptions about the Human Health Effects Resulting from Harmful Algal Bloom Exposure.Journal of contemporary water research & education · 2025Article
- Health and Environmental Impacts of Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins from Freshwater to Seawater.Toxins · 2025Review
- Comparative genomic analysis reveals the adaptive traits ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Role of cyanotoxins in the development and promotion of cancer.Toxicology reports · 2024Review
- Article
- Safeguarding drinking water: A brief insight on characteristics, treatments and risk assessment of contamination.Environmental monitoring and assessment · 2024Review
- Double effects of mitigating cyanobacterial blooms using modified clay technology: regulation and optimization of the microbial community structure.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Article
- A Perspective on Removal of Cyanotoxins from Water Through Advanced Oxidation Processes.Global challenges (Hoboken, NJ) · 2023Article
- Microbiota Profiling on Veterinary Faculty Restroom Surfaces and Source Tracking.Microorganisms · 2023Article
- Wildfires in the western United States are mobilizing PMEnvironmental science. Processes & impacts · 2023Article
- A review of plant-based coagulants for turbidity and cyanobacteria blooms removal.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Review
- Assessing the microcystins concentration through optimized protein phosphatase inhibition assay in environmental samples.Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea) · 2022Article
- Effects of Irrigation with Microcystin-Containing Water on Growth, Physiology, and Antioxidant Defense in StrawberryToxins · 2022Article
- Innovative method of utilising hydrogen peroxide for source water management of cyanobacteria.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Article
- Spirulina platensis protects against microcystin-LR-induced toxicity in rats.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Article
- Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) produce toxins that may present a hazard for drinking water safety. These toxins (microcystins, nodularins, saxitoxins, anatoxin-a, anatoxin-a(s), cylindrospermopsin) are structurally diverse and their effects range from liver damage, including liver cancer, to neurotoxicity. The occurrence of cyanobacteria and their toxins in water bodies used for the production of drinking water poses a technical challenge for water utility managers. With respect to their removal in water treatment procedures, of the more than 60 microcystin congeners, microcystin-LR (L, L-leucine; R, L-arginine) is the best studied cyanobacterial toxin, whereas information for the other toxins is largely lacking. In response to the growing concern about nonlethal acute and chronic effects of microcystins, the World Health Organization has recently set a new provisional guideline value for microcystin-LR of 1.0 microg/L drinking water. This will lead to further efforts by water suppliers to develop effective treatment procedures to remove these toxins. Of the water treatment procedures discussed in this review, chlorination, possibly micro-/ultrafiltration, but especially ozonation are the most effective in destroying cyanobacteria and in removing microcystins. However, these treatments may not be sufficient during bloom situations or when a high organic load is present, and toxin levels should therefore be monitored during the water treatment process. In order to perform an adequate human risk assessment of microcystin exposure via drinking water, the issue of water treatment byproducts will have to be addressed in the future.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.