SynthesisAmerican journal of obstetrics and gynecology2000
A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies on the association between maternal cigarette smoking and preterm delivery.
Synthesis in American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 2000. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 167 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
167 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Association between prenatal environmental tobacco smoke exposure and preterm birth: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2025Pooled it
- Health outcomes of smoking during pregnancy and the postpartum period: an umbrella review.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2021Pooled it
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- Cigarette smoking during pregnancy and preeclampsia risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies.Oncotarget · 2015Pooled it
- Systematic critical review of previous economic evaluations of smoking cessation during pregnancy.BMJ open · 2015Pooled it
- Obstetric and neonatal outcomes after antipsychotic medication exposure in pregnancy.Obstetrics and gynecology · 2015Pooled it
- The social determinants of infant mortality and birth outcomes in Western developed nations: a cross-country systematic review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2013Pooled it
- A meta-analysis of the relationship between antidepressant use in pregnancy and the risk of preterm birth and low birth weight.General hospital psychiatryPooled it
- Maternal smoking in pregnancy and birth defects: a systematic review based on 173 687 malformed cases and 11.7 million controls.Human reproduction updatePooled it
- Maternal Well-Being and Stage of Behaviour Change during Pregnancy: A Secondary Analysis of the PEARS Randomised Controlled Trial.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Trial
- A dynamic, modifiable model for estimating cost-effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions in pregnancy: application to an RCT of self-help delivered by text message.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2019Trial
- Relationship of childhood trauma to depression and smoking outcomes in pregnant smokers.Journal of consulting and clinical psychology · 2013Trial
- Maternal smoking during pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus: Interactions and independent associations on pregnancy duration and perinatal outcomes.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2026Article
- Antenatal Maternal Smoking and Lung Function in Very Prematurely Born Children.Pediatric pulmonology · 2026Article
- Epidemiologic Features of Preterm Birth Among Infants With Trisomy 21 in Texas, 1999-2018.American journal of medical genetics. Part A · 2026Article
- Maternal and paternal determinants of infant health: a cross-sectional study in four countries during the COVID-19 era.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Correlation of telomere length between full and preterm neonates and their mothers.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2025Article
- Typologies of Maternal Substance Use in Pregnancy: Latent Classes and Sociodemographic Correlates in a U.S. Sample.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs · 2025Article
107 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
We have attempted to quantify the most up-to-date estimate of the association between cigarette smoking by the mother and preterm delivery. Studies were selected for inclusion in this review if they were prospective, reported data stratified across at least two levels of maternal smoking, and defined preterm delivery on the basis of gestational age. In a meta-analysis we combined results from multiple studies that reported on preterm delivery and maternal smoking during pregnancy. Pooled odds ratios were computed for various strata of smoking intensity with the Mantel-Haenszel fixed-effects model. Twenty studies met all inclusion criteria and were included in meta-analysis. The pooled point estimate from 20 prospective studies on any maternal smoking versus no maternal smoking was 1.27 (95% confidence interval, 1.21-1.33). Subgroup analyses stratifying maternal smoking on number of cigarettes per day suggest a dose-response relationship at low to moderate levels of smoking, which was not further increased at high levels of smoking. A nonsignificant level of publication bias appears to exist in the smoking-preterm delivery literature. Cigarette smoking is a preventable risk factor that is associated with preterm delivery. Consistent results across many study populations and research designs and evidence of a dose-response relationship support its causal role in preterm delivery.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.