Evidence map›Paper›PMID 10677320›Full record

ArticleAmerican journal of human genetics2000

Family-based tests of association and linkage that use unaffected sibs, covariates, and interactions.

K L Lunetta, S V Faraone, J Biederman, N M Laird

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in American journal of human genetics, 2000. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
55citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

55 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

K L LunettaDepartment of Biostatistical Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA. lunetta@jimmy.harvard.edu
S V Faraone
J Biederman
N M Laird

Funding

FAMILY BASED TESTS OF ASSOCIATION FOR COMPLEX DISEASESR01MH059532 · NIMH · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (SCH OF PUBLIC HLTH) · PI LAIRD, NAN MCKENZIE · 1998 to 2010
$2.9M
GENETIC LINKAGE STUDY OF CHILDREN WITH ADHDR01HD037694 · NICHD · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI FARAONE, STEPHEN V · 1999 to 2003
$2.2M
TESTING THE VALIDITY OF ADULT ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDERR01MH057934 · NIMH · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI FARAONE, STEPHEN V · 1998 to 2002
$1.1M
PROSPECTIVE HIGH RISK STUDY OF ADHD &RELATED DISORDERSR01MH041314 · NIMH · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI BIEDERMAN, JOSEPH · 1988 to 1995
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NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD037694NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH057934NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH059532NIMH NIH HHS R01MH41314NIMH NIH HHS R01MH57934NIMH NIH HHS R01MH59532
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We extend the methodology for family-based tests of association and linkage to allow for both variation in the phenotypes of subjects and incorporation of covariates into general-score tests of association. We use standard association models for a phenotype and any number of predictors. We then construct a score statistic, using likelihoods for the distribution of phenotype, given genotype. The distribution of the score is computed as a function of offspring genotypes, conditional on parental genotypes and trait values for offspring and parents. This approach provides a natural extension of the transmission/disequilibrium test to any phenotype and to multiple genes or environmental factors and allows the study of gene-gene and gene-environment interaction. When the trait varies among subjects or when covariates are included in the association model, the score statistic depends on one or more nuisance parameters. We suggest two approaches for obtaining parameter estimates: (1) choosing the estimate that minimizes the variance of the test statistic and (2) maximizing the statistic over a nuisance parameter and using a corrected P value. We apply our methods to a sample of families with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and provide examples of how covariates and gene-environment and gene-gene interactions can be incorporated.

Indexed as

Membrane GlycoproteinsMembrane Transport ProteinsNerve Tissue ProteinsNuclear FamilyAllelesAttention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityCarrier ProteinsChromosome MappingDopamine Plasma Membrane Transport ProteinsEnvironmentFemaleGenetic LinkageGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseGenetic VariationGenotypeHumansCarrier ProteinsDopamine Plasma Membrane Transport ProteinsDRD4 protein, humanMembrane GlycoproteinsMembrane Transport ProteinsNerve Tissue ProteinsReceptors, Dopamine D2Receptors, Dopamine D4

Identifiers

PMID10677320
PMCPMC1288113

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.