ReviewDiabetes/metabolism research and reviews
Ketone bodies: a review of physiology, pathophysiology and application of monitoring to diabetes.
Review in Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It reports registered trial NCT05541484. Cited by 540 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Ketone Monitoring in T1D: Effect of SGLT2i During Usual Care and With Insulin Deficiency
Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy Study of Tricaprilin (AC-1202) Administered for Ninety Days in Subjects With Probable Alzheimer's Disease of Mild to Moderate Severity
Who cites it
540 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,353 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effect of exogenous ketone bodies on cognition across health and disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Influence of Carbohydrate Intake on Caprylic Acid (C8:0)-Induced Ketogenesis-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2024Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-regression of exogenous ketone infusion rates and resulting ketosis-A tool for clinicians and researchers.Frontiers in physiology · 2023Pooled it
- The effect of simultaneous application of plant-rich ketogenic diet and intermittent fasting on early-to-mid-stage Alzheimer's disease: a randomised controlled trial.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2026Trial
- Effect of glucose on medium chain triglyceride induced ketosis in healthy adults in a randomized, double-blind, controlled study.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Cardiopulmonary responses to acute exogenous ketosis at rest, and during submaximal and maximal exercise.Physiological reports · 2025Trial
- Maternal and umbilical cord plasma purine concentrations after oral carbohydrate loading prior to elective Cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia: a randomized controlled trial.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Trial
- Weight loss-independent changes in human growth hormone during water-only fasting: a secondary evaluation of a randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Trial
- RESET-PKD: a pilot trial on short-term ketogenic interventions in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2023Trial
- Defining metabolic migraine with a distinct subgroup of patients with suboptimal inflammatory and metabolic markers.Scientific reports · 2023Trial
- Ketone Ester Supplementation Improves Some Aspects of Cognitive Function during a Simulated Soccer Match after Induced Mental Fatigue.Nutrients · 2022Trial
- The β2αB loop determines NAD(P) cofactor specificity and kinetics in trypanosomal D-3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenases.Journal of molecular biology · 2026Article
- Dietary patterns and testosterone balance: a review of clinical data and perspectives.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- Skin acetone as a clinical diagnostic biomarker of ketosis.Nutrition & diabetes · 2026Article
- Correlation Between Breath Acetone and Ketone Bodies in Blood and Urine Among Individuals with Different Glycometabolic Statuses Based on PTR-TOF-MS.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Predictors of asymptomatic ketonemia in outpatients with diabetic kidney disease receiving SGLT-2 inhibitors: a cross-sectional study.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2026Article
- Current practices of SGLT2 inhibitor use and ketone monitoring in intensive care units: A multicentre observational study.Critical care and resuscitation : journal of the Australasian Academy of Critical Care Medicine · 2026Article
- The Role of the Ketogenic Diet in Modulating Biochemical Pathophysiology in Psychiatric and Neurodegenerative Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- An imaging biomarker to detect non-glucogenic shift in brain energy metabolism in Alzheimer's disease.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- An international consensus on screening and monitoring early-stage type 1 diabetes: A roadmap to European implementation.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Review
480 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Ketone bodies are produced by the liver and used peripherally as an energy source when glucose is not readily available. The two main ketone bodies are acetoacetate (AcAc) and 3-beta-hydroxybutyrate (3HB), while acetone is the third, and least abundant, ketone body. Ketones are always present in the blood and their levels increase during fasting and prolonged exercise. They are also found in the blood of neonates and pregnant women. Diabetes is the most common pathological cause of elevated blood ketones. In diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), high levels of ketones are produced in response to low insulin levels and high levels of counterregulatory hormones. In acute DKA, the ketone body ratio (3HB:AcAc) rises from normal (1:1) to as high as 10:1. In response to insulin therapy, 3HB levels commonly decrease long before AcAc levels. The frequently employed nitroprusside test only detects AcAc in blood and urine. This test is inconvenient, does not assess the best indicator of ketone body levels (3HB), provides only a semiquantitative assessment of ketone levels and is associated with false-positive results. Recently, inexpensive quantitative tests of 3HB levels have become available for use with small blood samples (5-25 microl). These tests offer new options for monitoring and treating diabetes and other states characterized by the abnormal metabolism of ketone bodies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.