ArticleJournal of bacteriology2000
Activation of the multiple drug resistance gene MDR1 in fluconazole-resistant, clinical Candida albicans strains is caused by mutations in a trans-regulatory factor.
Article in Journal of bacteriology, 2000. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 87 citations in OpenAlex.
- EditingBiomolecules · 2026Review
- Comparative evaluation of biologically and chemically synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles for preventing Candida auris biofilm.Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine · 2025Article
- Post-transcriptional control of antifungal resistance in human fungal pathogens.Critical reviews in microbiology · 2023Review
- From environmental adaptation to host survival: Attributes that mediate pathogenicity ofVirulence · 2022Article
- Genomic Data Mining Reveals Abundant Uncharacterized Transporters inJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Farnesol Boosts the Antifungal Effect of Fluconazole and Modulates Resistance inJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Repurposing pantoprazole and haloperidol as efflux pump inhibitors in azole resistant clinicalSaudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2022Article
- Application of Green AlgalMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Generation of Viable Candida albicans Mutants Lacking the "Essential" Protein Kinase Snf1 by Inducible Gene Deletion.mSphere · 2020Article
- Quantitative analysis of the expression of fluconazole-resistant genes in strains of Candida albicans isolated from elderly people at their admission in an intensive care unit in Manizales, ColombiaBiomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud · 2020Article
- Molecular and genetic basis of azole antifungal resistance in the opportunistic pathogenic fungus Candida albicans.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2020Review
- CRISPR-Based Genetic Manipulation ofFrontiers in genome editing · 2020Review
- Candida parapsilosis: from Genes to the Bedside.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2019Review
- Linking Cellular Morphogenesis with Antifungal Treatment and Susceptibility inJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Review
- Review
- Clotrimazole Drug Resistance in Candida glabrata Clinical Isolates Correlates with Increased Expression of the Drug:H(+) Antiporters CgAqr1, CgTpo1_1, CgTpo3, and CgQdr2.Frontiers in microbiology · 2016Article
- Review
- Article
- MFS multidrug transporters in pathogenic fungi: do they have real clinical impact?Frontiers in physiology · 2014Review
- Inducible and constitutive activation of two polymorphic promoter alleles of the Candida albicans multidrug efflux pump MDR1.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Resistance of Candida albicans against the widely used antifungal agent fluconazole is often due to active drug efflux from the cells. In many fluconazole-resistant C. albicans isolates the reduced intracellular drug accumulation correlates with constitutive strong expression of the MDR1 gene, encoding a membrane transport protein of the major facilitator superfamily that is not detectably expressed in vitro in fluconazole-susceptible isolates. To elucidate the molecular changes responsible for MDR1 activation, two pairs of matched fluconazole-susceptible and resistant isolates in which drug resistance coincided with stable MDR1 activation were analyzed. Sequence analysis of the MDR1 regulatory region did not reveal any promoter mutations in the resistant isolates that might account for the altered expression of the gene. To test for a possible involvement of trans-regulatory factors, a GFP reporter gene was placed under the control of the MDR1 promoter from the fluconazole-susceptible C. albicans strain CAI4, which does not express the MDR1 gene in vitro. This MDR1P-GFP fusion was integrated into the genome of the clinical C. albicans isolates with the help of the dominant selection marker MPA(R) developed for the transformation of C. albicans wild-type strains. Integration was targeted to an ectopic locus such that no recombination between the heterologous and resident MDR1 promoters occurred. The transformants of the two resistant isolates exhibited a fluorescent phenotype, whereas transformants of the corresponding susceptible isolates did not express the GFP gene. These results demonstrate that the MDR1 promoter was activated by a trans-regulatory factor that was mutated in fluconazole-resistant isolates, resulting in deregulated, constitutive MDR1 expression.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.