ReviewClinical microbiology reviews2000
Immune response to Giardia duodenalis.
Review in Clinical microbiology reviews, 2000. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 77 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
77 citing papers in PubMed, 280 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparison of multilocus genotyping and a commercial beta-giardin qPCR assay for detection of Giardia duodenalis zoonotic assemblages in cat and dog samples.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Giardiasis in the Immunocompromised: A Case Series Highlighting Diagnostic Pitfalls and Treatment Challenges.Cureus · 2025Article
- Prevalence of Nitroimidazole-Refractory Giardiasis Acquired in Different World Regions, Sweden, 2008-2020.Emerging infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Article
- The Influence of the ProtozoanInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Mucosal vaccination in a murine gnotobiotic model ofInfection and immunity · 2024Article
- Detection of IgG Anti-Giardia duodenalis Antibodies in Sera by Indirect Immunofluorescence and Western Blotting Assays.Acta parasitologica · 2024Article
- Uncovering the diversity of pathogenic invaders: insights into protozoa, fungi, and worm infections.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Review
- The Gut-Wrenching Effects of Cryptosporidiosis and Giardiasis in Children.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Medicinal plants as a source of antiparasitics: an overview of experimental studies.Pathogens and global health · 2023Article
- Ultrastructural changes and IgA modulatory effect of commercial prebiotic and probiotic in murine giardiasis.Journal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology · 2023Article
- Gut Microbiota Crosstalk with Resident Macrophages and Their Role in Invasive Amebic Colitis and Giardiasis-Review.Microorganisms · 2023Article
- Refractory giardiasis in a child with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome.Access microbiology · 2023Article
- Review
- Conjugated linoleic acid modifies transcriptional cytokine profile and induces early specific secretory IgA response inIranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2022Article
- Role of anti-Giardia recombinant cyst wall protein IgG polyclonal antibodies in diagnosis and protection.AMB Express · 2022Article
- Conserved metabolic enzymes as vaccine antigens for giardiasis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- Disease Biomarkers of Giardiasis.Journal of parasitology research · 2022Review
- Trogocytosis in Unicellular Eukaryotes.Cells · 2021Review
- Review
17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The intestinal protozoan Giardia duodenalis is a widespread opportunistic parasite of humans and animals. This parasite inhabits the upper part of the small intestine and has a direct life cycle. After ingestion of cysts, which are the infective stage, the trophozoites emerge from the cysts in the duodenum and attach to the small intestinal mucosa of the host. Since the migration of trophozoites from the lumen of the intestine into surrounding tissues is an unusual occurrence, the immune response to Giardia remains localized. The identification of antigens that play a role in acquired immunity has been difficult because of the occurrence of antigenic variation and because, Giardia being an ubiquitous organism, it is possible that the antigenic profiles of isolates from different geographic areas will vary. Innate-immunity mechanisms play a role in the control and/or severity of the infection. Both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses play a role in acquired immunity, but the mechanisms involved are unknown. A variety of serological assays have been used to detect circulating antibodies in serum. Because of the biological characteristics of the parasite and the lack of suitable antigens, the sensitivity of serological assays remains poor. On the other hand, detection of antigens in feces of infected patients has met with success. Commercial kits are available, and they are reported to be more sensitive than microscopic examination for the detection of giardiasis on a single specimen.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.