ReviewClinical microbiology reviews2000
Exotoxins of Staphylococcus aureus.
Review in Clinical microbiology reviews, 2000. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 587 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
587 citing papers in PubMed, 1,586 citations in OpenAlex.
- High Titer Persistent Neutralizing Antibodies Induced by TSST-1 Variant Vaccine Against Toxic Shock Cytokine Storm.Toxins · 2020Trial
- A comprehensive review of regulatory mechanisms of novel enterotoxin genes inAnnals of medicine · 2026Review
- Integrative multi-omics reveals CUL4B as a modulator of macrophage pyroptosis and innate defense againstScience advances · 2026Article
- Qualitative assessment of virulence and resistance gene transcripts in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from buffalo milk and dairy products.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2026Article
- Detection of livestock-associated MRSA ST398/t011 and hospital-associated MRSA ST239/t037 in a referral hospital in northeastern Iran: A six-month cross-sectional surveillance study (July-December 2025).New microbes and new infections · 2026Article
- Heterotrophic feeding and symbiotic state shape the chemical microenvironment, microbiome composition, and activity in the coral gastrovascular cavity.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- Lineage-Associated Genomic and Phenotypic Features of Bovine Mastitis-AssociatedMicroorganisms · 2026Article
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- Prophages in Skin Pathogens: From Virulence to Therapy.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Phenotypic and Genotypic Characteristics ofToxins · 2026Article
- Multivalent nanobodies for potent and broad neutralization of Staphylococcus aureus toxins.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Functional Genome Annotation ofJournal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Virulence Profiling of Multidrug-Resistant ClinicalMicrobial drug resistance (Larchmont, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Relationship between agr types, toxin genes, and antibiotic resistance in clinical Staphylococcus aureus isolates.Molecular biology reports · 2026Article
- Epidemiologic and Clinical Divergence of MRSA USA100 and USA300 in the United States.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Composition-Controlled Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Performance of ZnO-ZnS Nanocomposite Catalysts Synthesized by Solid-State Ion Exchange.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Screening, Purification and Partial Characterization of Bacteriocin Produced by Lactic Acid Bacteria with Potentials to Control Staphylococcus aureus.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Article
- Modes of (Inter)Actions of Polyvalent Immunoglobulins: Nonclinical and Clinical Research in Severe Bacterial Infections.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Hemolytic activity and antibiotic resistance profiles ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
527 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
This article reviews the literature regarding the structure and function of two types of exotoxins expressed by Staphylococcus aureus, pyrogenic toxin superantigens (PTSAgs) and hemolysins. The molecular basis of PTSAg toxicity is presented in the context of two diseases known to be caused by these exotoxins: toxic shock syndrome and staphylococcal food poisoning. The family of staphylococcal PTSAgs presently includes toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) and most of the staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) (SEA, SEB, SEC, SED, SEE, SEG, and SEH). As the name implies, the PTSAgs are multifunctional proteins that invariably exhibit lethal activity, pyrogenicity, superantigenicity, and the capacity to induce lethal hypersensitivity to endotoxin. Other properties exhibited by one or more staphylococcal PTSAgs include emetic activity (SEs) and penetration across mucosal barriers (TSST-1). A detailed review of the molecular mechanisms underlying the toxicity of the staphylococcal hemolysins is also presented.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.