ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America1999
The human natural killer cell immune synapse.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 174 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
174 citing papers in PubMed, 414 citations in OpenAlex.
- CD16A Shedding Regulates Innate Cell Engager-Induced Serial Killing by Natural Killer Cells.European journal of immunology · 2025Article
- Immunological synapse: structures, molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications in disease.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- Changes in Neuroimmunological Synapses During Cerebral Ischemia.Translational stroke research · 2025Review
- Trogocytosis-mediated immune evasion in the tumor microenvironment.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Review
- CD8α and CD70 mark human natural killer cell populations which differ in cytotoxicity.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Assessment of NK cytotoxicity and interactions with porcine endothelial cells by live-cell imaging in 2D static and 3D microfluidic systems.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Natural Killer Cell Mechanosensing in Solid Tumors.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Study of alloferon, a novel immunomodulatory antimicrobial peptide (AMP), and its analogues.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- STAT3 in acute myeloid leukemia facilitates natural killer cell-mediated surveillance.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- TIGIT can inhibit T cell activation via ligation-induced nanoclusters, independent of CD226 co-stimulation.Nature communications · 2023Article
- PD-L1/PD-1 blockage enhanced the cytotoxicity of natural killer cell on the non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by granzyme B secretion.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2023Article
- Tumors evade immune cytotoxicity by altering the surface topology of NK cells.Nature immunology · 2023Article
- Human natural killer cells: Form, function, and development.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2023Review
- KIR signaling is regulated by electrostatic interaction of its cytosolic tail with the plasma membrane despite being neutral polyampholyte.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Analyzing Single Cell Secretions by "Shadow Imaging".Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2023Article
- Structure of the human NK cell NKR-P1:LLT1 receptor:ligand complex reveals clustering in the immune synapse.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Spatially resolved in silico modeling of NKG2D signaling kinetics suggests a key role of NKG2D and Vav1 Co-clustering in generating natural killer cell activation.PLoS computational biology · 2022Article
- Understanding immune signaling using advanced imaging techniques.Biochemical Society transactions · 2022Review
- Radiotherapy transiently reduces the sensitivity of cancer cells to lymphocyte cytotoxicity.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
114 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Inhibitory killer Ig-like receptors (KIR) at the surface of natural killer (NK) cells induced clustering of HLA-C at the contacting surface of target cells. In this manner, inhibitory immune synapses were formed as human NK cells surveyed target cells. At target/NK cell synapses, HLA-C/KIR distributed into rings around central patches of intercellular adhesion molecule-1/lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1, the opposite orientation to mature murine T cell-activating synapses. This organization of protein was stable for at least 20 min. Cells could support multiple synapses simultaneously, and clusters of HLA-C moved as NK cells crawled over target cells. Clustering required a divalent metal cation, explaining how metal chelators inhibit KIR function. Surprisingly, however, formation of inhibitory synapses was unaffected by ATP depletion and the cytoskeletal inhibitors, colchicine and cytochalsins B and D. Clearly, supramolecular organization within plasma membranes is critical for NK cell immunosurveillance.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.