ArticleNucleic acids research2000
Nucleocytoplasmic shuttling: a novel in vivo property of antisense phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides.
Article in Nucleic acids research, 2000. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 93 citations in OpenAlex.
- RModBlock antisense oligonucleotides as a universal tool for precise and efficient inhibition of RNA modifications.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- A Single-Enzyme Activated CRISPR-Cas12a Nano System via Subtly Balanced dsDNA for Kinetic-Gated UDG Detection and Spatiotemporal Cellular Imaging.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Antisense Oligonucleotides: Technological Advances, Clinical Progress, and Expanding Therapeutic Frontiers.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- A genome-wide CRISPR screen unveils the endosomal maturation protein WDR91 as a promoter of productive ASO activity in melanoma.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2025Article
- Endosomal Escape and Nuclear Localization: Critical Barriers for Therapeutic Nucleic Acids.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Novel epigenetic molecular therapies for imprinting disorders.Molecular psychiatry · 2023Review
- Promotion of cytoplasmic localization of oligonucleotides by connecting cross-linked duplexes.RSC advances · 2022Article
- Quantitative Measurement of Cytosolic and Nuclear Penetration of Oligonucleotide Therapeutics.ACS chemical biology · 2022Article
- Pharmacokinetics and Proceedings in Clinical Application of Nucleic Acid Therapeutics.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2021Review
- Nusinersen as a Therapeutic Agent for Spinal Muscular Atrophy.Yonsei medical journal · 2020Review
- Emerging Therapeutics for the Treatment of Light Chain and Transthyretin Amyloidosis.JACC. Basic to translational science · 2019Review
- Quantitative fluorescence imaging determines the absolute number of locked nucleic acid oligonucleotides needed for suppression of target gene expression.Nucleic acids research · 2019Article
- Systematic Screening of Commonly Used Commercial Transfection Reagents towards Efficient Transfection of Single-Stranded Oligonucleotides.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Article
- Antisense oligonucleotides: the next frontier for treatment of neurological disorders.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2018Review
- Gapmer Antisense Oligonucleotides Suppress the Mutant Allele of COL6A3 and Restore Functional Protein in Ullrich Muscular Dystrophy.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2017Article
- Antisense Oligonucleotides: Translation from Mouse Models to Human Neurodegenerative Diseases.Neuron · 2017Review
- The delivery of therapeutic oligonucleotides.Nucleic acids research · 2016Review
- Splice-switching antisense oligonucleotides as therapeutic drugs.Nucleic acids research · 2016Review
- Protein Kinase C-α is a Critical Protein for Antisense Oligonucleotide-mediated Silencing in Mammalian Cells.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2016Article
- In silico and in vitro evaluation of exonic and intronic off-target effects form a critical element of therapeutic ASO gapmer optimization.Nucleic acids research · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides (P=S ODNs) are frequently used as antisense agents to specifically interfere with the expression of cellular target genes. However, the cell biological properties of P=S ODNs are poorly understood. Here we show that P=S ODNs were able to continuously shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm and that shuttling P=S ODNs retained their ability to act as antisense agents. The shuttling process shares characteristics with active transport since it was inhibited by chilling and ATP depletion in vivo. Transport was carrier-mediated as it was saturable, and nuclear pore complex-mediated as it was sensitive to treatment with wheatgerm agglutinin. Oligonucleotides without a P=S backbone chemistry were only weakly restricted in their migration by chilling, ATP depletion and wheatgerm agglutinin and thus moved by diffusion. P=S ODN shuttling was only moderately affected by disruption of the Ran/RCC1 system. We propose that P=S ODNs shuttle through their binding to yet unidentified cellular molecules that undergo nucleocytoplasmic transport via a pathway that is not as strongly dependent on the Ran/RCC1 system as nuclear export signal-mediated protein export, U-snRNA, tRNA and mRNA export. The shuttling property of P=S ODNs must be taken into account when considering the mode and site of action of these antisense agents.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.