ArticleClinical and experimental immunology1999
Comparative analysis of epitope recognition of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) by autoantibodies from different autoimmune disorders.
Article in Clinical and experimental immunology, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Structure and dynamics of GAD65 in complex with an autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 2-associated autoantibody.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Consensus Paper: Latent Autoimmune Cerebellar Ataxia (LACA).Cerebellum (London, England) · 2024Article
- Reduced display of conformational epitopes in the N-terminal truncated GAD65 isoform: relevance for people with stiff person syndrome or DQ8/8-positive Type 1 diabetes mellitus.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2019Article
- Fine Mapping of Glutamate Decarboxylase 65 Epitopes Reveals Dependency on Hydrophobic Amino Acids for Specific Interactions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Article
- Epilepsy and behavioral changes, type 1 diabetes mellitus and a high titer of glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies.Pediatric diabetes · 2016Article
- Optimized purification strategies for the elimination of non-specific products in the isolation of GAD65-specific monoclonal autoantibodies.F1000Research · 2015Article
- Autoantibodies to tumor-associated antigens: reporters from the immune system.Immunological reviews · 2008Review
- Dynamic changes of GAD65 autoantibody epitope specificities in individuals at risk of developing type 1 diabetes.Diabetologia · 2005Article
- Multiplicity of the antibody response to GAD65 in Type I diabetes.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2004Article
- Modulation of antigen presentation by autoreactive B cell clones specific for GAD65 from a type I diabetic patient.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2004Article
- Relative paradigms between autoantibodies in lupus and autoantibodies in cancer.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2003Review
- Distinct antigenic features of linear epitopes at the N-terminus and C-terminus of 65 kDa glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65): implications for autoantigen modification during pathogenesis.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2002Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Autoantibodies to GAD, an important marker of the autoimmune process in type I or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), are also found in non-diabetic individuals with autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS1), APS2, and stiff man syndrome (SMS). Most IDDM sera contain two distinct GAD antibody specificities, one of which targets an epitope region in the middle-third of GAD65 (IDDM-E1; amino acids 221-359) and one of which targets the carboxy-third of GAD65 (IDDM-E2; amino acids 453-569). Using 11 chimeric GAD65/GAD67 proteins to maintain conformation-dependent epitopes of GAD65, we compared the humoral repertoire of IgG antibodies from an individual with APS2-like disease (b35, b78, and b96) and MoAbs from an IDDM patient (MICA-2, MICA-3, and MICA-4). Neither the APS2 IgG antibodies nor the IDDM MoAbs bind the amino-terminal third of GAD65, but instead target the carboxy-terminal two-thirds of GAD65. Amino acids 270-359 (IDDM-E1) are targeted by one APS2 IgG antibody and MICA-4, while two other APS2 IgG antibodies, MICA-2 and MICA-3, target amino acids 443-585 (IDDM-E2). Using GAD65/67 chimera that span the IDDM-E2 region, we found that MICA-2 binds amino acids 514-528 of GAD65, but two APS2 IgG antibodies require this region and amino acids 529-570. In contrast, the binding of MICA-3 requires two discontinuous amino acid segments of GAD65 (452-513 and 528-569), but not amino acids 514-528. These results indicate that there are both similarities and differences in the humoral response to GAD65 in APS2 and IDDM.
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