ArticleJournal of anatomy1999
Localisation and quantitation of autonomic innervation in the porcine heart II: endocardium, myocardium and epicardium.
Article in Journal of anatomy, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 90 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comprehensive macroscopic living anatomy of the swine heart: comparative visual approach with virtual dissection.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Glia of the heart's nervous system.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2025Review
- Molecular and functional diversity of the autonomic nervous system.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2025Review
- Translational approach to ventricular innervation: the posterior descending ganglionated plexus.Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology · 2025Article
- Neurocardiology: translational advancements and potential.The Journal of physiology · 2025Review
- Cardioneuroablation for the management of neurally mediated syncope, sinus bradycardia, and atrioventricular block.Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing · 2025Review
- Characterisation and distribution of human coronary artery innervation.EuroIntervention : journal of EuroPCR in collaboration with the Working Group on Interventional Cardiology of the European Society of Cardiology · 2024Article
- Autonomic neuro-cardiac profile of electrical, structural and neuronal remodeling in myocardial infarction-induced heart failure.Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology plus · 2023Article
- Immunohistochemical characteristics of local sites that trigger atrial arrhythmias in response to high-frequency stimulation.Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology · 2023Article
- Impact of Neurons on Patient-Derived Cardiomyocytes Using Organ-On-A-Chip and iPSC Biotechnologies.Cells · 2022Article
- Novel Insights into the Sinoatrial Node in Single-Cell RNA Sequencing: From Developmental Biology to Physiological Function.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2022Review
- Long-term Success of Partial Ganglionated Plexus Ablation in a Patient with Tachycardia-bradycardia Syndrome and Syncope: Whom and How?The Journal of innovations in cardiac rhythm management · 2021Article
- Potential therapeutic effects of electrogram-guided cardioneuroablation in long QT syndrome: case series.Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing · 2021Article
- Medium-term results of cardioneuroablation for clinical bradyarrhythmias and vasovagal syncope: effects on QT interval and heart rate.Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing · 2021Article
- Mysteries of Ganglionated Plexi Ablation: More to Learn.Journal of atrial fibrillation · 2020Article
- Novel cardiac cell subpopulations: Pnmt-derived cardiomyocytes.Open biology · 2020Review
- Histological study on the heart ventricle of Egyptian bovines (Open veterinary journal · 2020Article
- Larger infarct size but equal protection by ischemic conditioning in septum and anterior free wall of pigs with LAD occlusion.Physiological reports · 2019Article
- Cardiac Vagus and Exercise.Physiology (Bethesda, Md.) · 2019Review
- A contemporary view of atrioventricular nodal physiology.Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The immunological problems of pig hearts supporting life in human recipients have potentially been solved by transgenic technology. Nevertheless, other problems still remain. Autonomic innervation is important for the control of cardiac dynamics and there is evidence suggesting that some neurons remain intact after transplantation. Previous studies in the human heart have established regional differences in both general autonomic innervation and in its component neural subpopulations. Such studies are lacking in the pig heart. Quantitative immunohistochemical and histochemical techniques were used to demonstrate the pattern of innervation in pig hearts (Sus scrofa). Gradients of immunoreactivity for the general neural marker protein gene product 9.5 were observed both within and between the endocardial, myocardial and epicardial plexuses throughout the 4 cardiac chambers. An extensive ganglionated plexus was observed in the epicardial tissues and, to a lesser extent, in the myocardial tissues. The predominant neural subpopulation displayed acetylcholinesterase activity, throughout the endocardium, myocardium and epicardium. These nerves showed a right to left gradient in density in the endocardial plexus, which was not observed in either the myocardial or epicardial plexuses. A large proportion of nerves in the ganglionated plexus of the atrial epicardial tissues displayed AChE activity, together with their cell bodies. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-immunoreactive nerves were the next most prominent subpopulation throughout the heart. TH-immunoreactive cell bodies were observed in the atrial ganglionated plexuses. Endocardial TH- and NPY-immunoreactive nerves also displayed a right to left gradient in density, whereas in the epicardial tissues they showed a ventricular to atrial gradient. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-immunoreactive nerves were the most abundant peptide-containing subpopulation after those possessing NPY immunoreactivity. They were most abundant in the epicardial tissues of the ventricles. Several important differences were observed between the innervation of the pig heart compared with the human heart. These differences may have implications for the function of donor transgenic pig hearts within human recipients.
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