ReviewImmunologic research1999
Immune response to staphylococcal superantigens.
Review in Immunologic research, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 136 citations in OpenAlex.
- Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin a induces regulatory T cells via TNF-α-TNFR2 signaling.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2025Article
- Comparison of Transcriptional Signatures of Three Staphylococcal Superantigenic Toxins in Human Melanocytes.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- An optimized IFN-γ ELISpot assay for the sensitive and standardized monitoring of CMV protein-reactive effector cells of cell-mediated immunity.BMC immunology · 2017Article
- Staphylococcus aureus-dependent septic arthritis in murine knee joints: local immune response and beneficial effects of vaccination.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- 3,39-Diindolylmethane Ameliorates Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B–Induced Acute Lung Injury through Alterations in the Expression of MicroRNA that Target Apoptosis and Cell-Cycle Arrest in Activated T Cells.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2016Article
- Article
- Article
- Previous infection with Staphylococcus aureus strains attenuated experimental encephalomyelitis.BMC neuroscience · 2014Article
- Late multiple organ surge in interferon-regulated target genes characterizes staphylococcal enterotoxin B lethality.PloS one · 2014Article
- Bacteria tracking by in vivo magnetic resonance imaging.BMC biology · 2013Article
- Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Lacking PVL, as a Cause of Severe Invasive Infection Treated with Linezolid.Case reports in pediatrics · 2013Article
- Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial infections give rise to a different metabolic response in a mouse model.Journal of proteome research · 2012Article
- Linezolid effects on bacterial toxin production and host immune response: review of the evidence.Current therapeutic research, clinical and experimental · 2012Review
- Predictors of mortality in Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2012Review
- Article
- Therapeutic down-modulators of staphylococcal superantigen-induced inflammation and toxic shock.Toxins · 2010Review
- Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: community transmission, pathogenesis, and drug resistance.Journal of infection and chemotherapy : official journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy · 2010Review
- Review
- Proinflammatory mediators of toxic shock and their correlation to lethality.Mediators of inflammation · 2010Article
- Linking innate and adaptive immunity: human Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells enhance CD40 expression and HMGB-1 secretion.Mediators of inflammation · 2009Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Staphylococcal exotoxins, staphylococcal enterotoxins A-E (SEA-SEE), and toxic shock syndrome toxin- (TSST-1) are potent activators of the immune system and cause a variety of diseases in humans, ranging from food poisoning to shock. These toxins are called superantigens because of their ability to polyclonally activate T cells at picromolar concentrations. Superantigens bind to both MHC class II molecules and specific Vbeta regions of the T cell receptor, leading to the activation of both antigen-presenting cells and T lymphocytes. These interactions lead to excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines and T cell proliferation, causing clinical symptoms that include fever, hypotension, and shock. Recent studies suggest that staphylococcal superantigens may also be involved in the pathogenesis of arthritis and other autoimmune disorders. This review summarizes the in vitro and in vivo effects of staphylococcal enterotoxins and TSST-1, recent progress with the use of transgenic knockout mice to identify key mediators and receptors involved in superantigen-induced shock, and therapeutic agents to mitigate the toxic effects of staphylococcal superantigens.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.