ReviewImmunologic research1999
The paradigm of Th1 and Th2 cytokines: its relevance to autoimmunity and allergy.
Review in Immunologic research, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 83 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
83 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 313 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Deep Sea Minerals Ameliorate Dermatophagoides Farinae- or 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene-Induced Atopic Dermatitis-like Skin Lesions in NC/Nga Mice.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Understanding the Role of Type I Interferons in Cutaneous Lupus and Dermatomyositis: Toward Better Therapeutics.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2025Review
- New-onset Immune-mediated Necrotizing Myopathy and Trigeminal Neuropathy after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccination in a Patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Sjögren's Syndrome.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2023Article
- No associations between type 1 diabetes and atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, or asthma in childhood: a nationwide Danish case-cohort study.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Mepolizumab induced palmoplantar psoriasis: A case report.World journal of clinical cases · 2023Article
- Infection, Allergy, and Inflammation: The Role ofMicroorganisms · 2023Review
- Pathways to healing: Plants with therapeutic potential for neurodegenerative diseases.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2023Article
- Unique inverse association between allergic rhinitis and periodontitis: a nationwide population-based study.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- RBD decorated PLA nanoparticle admixture with aluminum hydroxide elicit robust and long lasting immune response against SARS-CoV-2.European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics : official journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik e.V · 2022Article
- Protective Effects of Exercise Become Especially Important for the Aging Immune System in The Covid-19 Era.Aging and disease · 2022Review
- Epigenetic regulation and T-cell responses in endometriosis - something other than autoimmunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Innate Immunity Modulating Impurities and the Immunotoxicity of Nanobiotechnology-Based Drug Products.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Rapid development of analytical methods for evaluating pandemic vaccines: a COVID-19 perspective.Bioanalysis · 2021Article
- Synthesis and biological evaluation of bergenin derivatives as new immunosuppressants.RSC medicinal chemistry · 2021Article
- Synergistic effect of Korean red ginseng extract and GABA mixture on the IgE production in mice via Th1/Th2 cell balance.Food science and biotechnology · 2021Article
- Overexpression of P-glycoprotein and MRP-1 are pharmacogenomic biomarkers to determine steroid resistant phenotype in childhood idiopathic nephrotic syndrome.The pharmacogenomics journal · 2021Article
- "Environmental risk factors associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis associated uveitis: a systematic review of the literature".Journal of ophthalmic inflammation and infection · 2021Article
- Advax-CpG Adjuvant Provides Antigen Dose-Sparing and Enhanced Immunogenicity for Inactivated Poliomyelitis Virus Vaccines.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
23 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In the past few years, considerable evidence has accumulated to suggest the existence of functionally polarized responses by the CD4+ T helper (Th)--and the CD8+ T cytotoxic (Tc)-cell subsets that depend on the cytokines they produce. The Th1 and Th2 cellular immune response provide a useful model for explaining not only the different types of protection, but also the pathogenic mechanisms of several immunopathological disorders. The factors responsible for the polarization of specific immune response into a predominant Th1 or Th2 profile have been extensively investigated in mice and humans. Evidence has accumulated from animal models to suggest that Th1-type lymphokines are involved in the genesis of organ-specific autoimmune diseases, such as experimental autoimmune uveitis, experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Accordingly, data so far available in human diseases favor a prevalent Th1 lymphokine profile in target organs of patients with organ-specific autoimmunity. By contrast, Th2-cell predominance was found in the skin of patients with chronic graft-versus host disease, progressive systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and allergic diseases. The Th1/Th2 concept suggests that modulation of relative contribution of Th1- or Th2-type cytokines regulate the balance between protection and immunopathology, as well as the development and/or the severity of some immunologic disorders. In this review, we have discussed the paradigm of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in relation to autoimmunity and allergy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.