ReviewAnnals of the rheumatic diseases1999
The function of tumour necrosis factor and receptors in models of multi-organ inflammation, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and inflammatory bowel disease.
Review in Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 210 citations in OpenAlex.
- Peripheral neuropathies associated with anti-tnf-α treatments: a systematic review and proposed recommendations.Journal of neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Meta-analysis of TNF-α promoter -308A/G polymorphism and SLE susceptibility in Asian populations.Rheumatology international · 2011Pooled it
- Epigenetic regulation of transcription factors involved in NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-kB signaling pathways.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- The Dual Role of Microglia in Multiple Sclerosis and its Implications for Diagnostics and Repair.Current neuropharmacology · 2025Review
- Etanercept-associated episcleritis: a pediatric case report of a paradoxical adverse reaction and review of the literature.Clinical rheumatology · 2024Review
- Roles and regulation of microglia activity in multiple sclerosis: insights from animal models.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2023Review
- Cytokines in Spondyloarthritis and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: From Pathogenesis to Therapeutic Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Siponimod Modulates the Reaction of Microglial Cells to Pro-Inflammatory Stimulation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Efficacy of Vafidemstat in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Highlights the KDM1A/RCOR1/HDAC Epigenetic Axis in Multiple Sclerosis.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Immunosuppressant Therapies in COVID-19: Is the TNF Axis an Alternative?Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- COVID-19 in DMARD-treated patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases: Insights from an analysis of the World Health Organization pharmacovigilance database.Fundamental & clinical pharmacology · 2022Article
- Selective inhibition of soluble tumor necrosis factor signaling reduces abdominal aortic aneurysm progression.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Article
- Mucosal immunity and tRNA, tRF, and tiRNA.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2021Review
- Review
- The Trinity of Matrix Metalloproteinases, Inflammation, and Cancer: A Literature Review of Recent Updates.Anti-inflammatory & anti-allergy agents in medicinal chemistry · 2020Review
- Tumour Necrosis Factor-α Inhibition Improves Stroke Outcome in a Mouse Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- The significant impact of apigenin on different aspects of autoimmune disease.Inflammopharmacology · 2018Review
- A New Venue of TNF Targeting.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Review
- Galectin-3: A Positive Regulator of Leukocyte Recruitment in the Inflamed Microcirculation.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2017Article
- The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α7 subunit is an essential negative regulator of bone mass.Scientific reports · 2017Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
There is now good evidence to demonstrate that aberrations in tumour necrosis factor (TNF) production in vivo may be either pathogenic or protective and several plausible mechanisms may explain these contrasting activities. According to the classic pro-inflammatory scenario, failure to regulate the production of TNF at a site of immunological injury may lead to chronic activation of innate immune cells and to chronic inflammatory responses, which may consequently lead to organ specific inflammatory pathology and tissue damage. However, more cryptic functions of this molecule may be considered to play a significant part in the development of TNF mediated pathologies. Direct interference of TNF with the differentiation, proliferation or death of specific pathogenic cell targets may be an alternative mechanism for disease initiation or progression. In addition to these activities, there is now considerable evidence to suggest that TNF may also directly promote or down regulate the adaptive immune response. A more complete understanding of the temporal and spatial context of TNF/TNF receptor (TNF-R) function and of the molecular and cellular pathways leading to the development of TNF/TNF-R mediated pathologies is necessary to fully comprehend relevant mechanisms of disease induction and progression in humans. In this paper, the potential pathogenic mechanisms exerted by TNF and receptors in models of multi-organ inflammation, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and inflammatory bowel disease are discussed. Elucidating the nature and level of contribution of these mechanisms in chronic inflammation and autoimmunity may lead to better regulatory and therapeutic applications.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.