ArticleInfection and immunity1999
Cytolethal distending toxin of Haemophilus ducreyi induces apoptotic death of Jurkat T cells.
Article in Infection and immunity, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 96 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cytolethal distending toxin from Glaesserella parasuis induces ferroptosis in porcine alveolar macrophages and mice.Veterinary research · 2025Article
- The cost of bacterial predation via type VI secretion system leads to predator extinction under environmental stress.iScience · 2021Article
- Bacterial Toxins Are a Never-Ending Source of Surprises: From Natural Born Killers to Negotiators.Toxins · 2021Review
- Functional Study ofToxins · 2020Article
- Bacterial Genotoxin-Induced DNA Damage and Modulation of the Host Immune Microenvironment.Toxins · 2020Review
- Review
- Article
- Review
- The Typhoid Toxin Promotes Host Survival and the Establishment of a Persistent Asymptomatic Infection.PLoS pathogens · 2016Article
- The Cytolethal Distending Toxin Contributes to Microbial Virulence and Disease Pathogenesis by Acting As a Tri-Perditious Toxin.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2016Review
- Genotoxicity of Cytolethal Distending Toxin (CDT) on Isogenic Human Colorectal Cell Lines: Potential Promoting Effects for Colorectal Carcinogenesis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2016Article
- Review
- Distinct Roles for CdtA and CdtC during Intoxication by Cytolethal Distending Toxins.PloS one · 2015Article
- Bacterial genotoxins promote inside-out integrin β1 activation, formation of focal adhesion complexes and cell spreading.PloS one · 2015Article
- Blockade of the PI-3K signalling pathway by the Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans cytolethal distending toxin induces macrophages to synthesize and secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines.Cellular microbiology · 2014Article
- Article
- Contribution of Helicobacter hepaticus cytolethal distending toxin subunits to human epithelial cell cycle arrest and apoptotic death in vitro.Helicobacter · 2013Article
- Cellular interactions of the cytolethal distending toxins from Escherichia coli and Haemophilus ducreyi.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2013Article
- Role of Cytolethal Distending Toxin in Altered Stool Form and Bowel Phenotypes in a Rat Model of Post-infectious Irritable Bowel Syndrome.Journal of neurogastroenterology and motility · 2012Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The immune response to Haemophilus ducreyi is mediated in part by T cells infiltrating the site of infection. In this study, we show that H. ducreyi antigen preparations inhibited the proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and primary human T-cell lines. H. ducreyi also inhibited Jurkat T-cell proliferation and induced apoptosis of Jurkat T cells, confirmed through the detection of DNA degradation and membrane unpacking. The cytotoxic product(s) was present in cell-free culture supernatant and whole-cell preparations of H. ducreyi and was heat labile. H. ducreyi produces two known heat-labile toxins, a hemolysin and a cytolethal distending toxin (CDT). Whole cells and supernatants prepared from a hemolysin-deficient mutant had the same inhibitory and apoptotic effects on Jurkat T cells as did its isogenic parent. Preparations made from an H. ducreyi cdtC mutant were less toxic and induced less apoptosis than the parent. The toxic activity of the cdtC mutant was restored by complementation in trans. CdtC-neutralizing antibodies also inhibited H. ducreyi-induced toxicity and apoptosis. The data suggest that CDT may interfere with T-cell responses to H. ducreyi by induction of apoptosis.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.