ArticleInfection and immunity1999
Cytokine profiles of AIDS patients are similar to those of mice with disseminated Cryptococcus neoformans infection.
Article in Infection and immunity, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Active Cryptococcus neoformans glucuronoxylomannan production prevents elimination of cryptococcal CNS infection in vivo.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- IL-6 deficiency accelerates cerebral cryptococcosis and alters glial cell responses.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- Glucuronoxylomannan intranasal challenge prior to Cryptococcus neoformans pulmonary infection enhances cerebral cryptococcosis in rodents.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- Clinical and pathological characterization of Central Nervous System cryptococcosis in an experimental mouse model of stereotaxic intracerebral infection.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Effects of cigarette smoke extract on bronchial epithelial cells stimulated with Cryptococcus neoformans.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2021Article
- Assessing the virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans causing meningitis in HIV infected and uninfected patients in Vietnam.Medical mycology · 2020Article
- Pathogen and host genetics underpinning cryptococcal disease.Advances in genetics · 2020Review
- Resistance and Tolerance to Cryptococcal Infection: An Intricate Balance That Controls the Development of Disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Autocrine IL-10 Signaling Promotes Dendritic Cell Type-2 Activation and Persistence of Murine Cryptococcal Lung Infection.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2018Article
- Immunoregulation in Fungal Diseases.Microorganisms · 2016Review
- Cryptococcal therapies and drug targets: the old, the new and the promising.Cellular microbiology · 2016Review
- Early or late IL-10 blockade enhances Th1 and Th17 effector responses and promotes fungal clearance in mice with cryptococcal lung infection.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2014Article
- Article
- Chemokine levels and chemokine receptor expression in the blood and the cerebrospinal fluid of HIV-infected patients with cryptococcal meningitis and cryptococcosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2013Article
- Methamphetamine enhances Cryptococcus neoformans pulmonary infection and dissemination to the brain.mBio · 2013Article
- HIV and co-infections.Immunological reviews · 2013Review
- Therapeutic efficacy of a conjugate vaccine containing a peptide mimotope of cryptococcal capsular polysaccharide glucuronoxylomannan.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2008Article
- Article
- PI3K signaling of autophagy is required for starvation tolerance and virulenceof Cryptococcus neoformans.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2008Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cryptococcosis is an hematogenously disseminated meningoencephalitis during which the relationship between the disease severity and the immune response remains unclear. We thus analyzed, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, proinflammatory (tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-alpha] and interleukin-6 [IL-6]) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokine levels in plasma at the time of diagnosis in 51 AIDS patients with culture-proven cryptococcosis. We used a murine model to determine the correlation between cytokine levels and fungal burden in blood and tissues and the kinetics of the immune response and of the formation of cerebral lesions. In AIDS patients, plasma TNF-alpha and IL-10, but not IL-6, levels were significantly higher in the case of fungemia or disseminated infection than in their absence, whereas the presence of meningitis had no influence on these levels. In mice, none of these cytokines were detected within the first day after inoculation. Later on, TNF-alpha and IL-10, but not IL-6, levels in plasma correlated significantly with the fungal burden in the blood and spleen but not the brain. In the brain, cytokine levels were low compared to those in other compartments, and tissue lesions and a degree of infection similar to those observed in humans were seen, further suggesting the relevance of this experimental model. Thus, AIDS patients with cryptococcosis produce an immune response that reflects the dissemination but not the meningeal involvement. This murine model of disseminated cryptococcosis can be used to investigate the pathophysiology of cryptococcosis and new therapeutic approaches.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.