ArticleMolecular and cellular biology1999
ARF6 is required for growth factor- and rac-mediated membrane ruffling in macrophages at a stage distal to rac membrane targeting.
Article in Molecular and cellular biology, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 108 citations in OpenAlex.
- ATP increases murine neuroblastoma cell size through a PANX1- and macropinocytosis-dependent mechanism.Biology open · 2025Article
- Distribution of Signal Peptides in Microvesicles from Activated Macrophage Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Physiological and Pathological Roles of the Cytohesin Family in Neurons.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Arf GAPs: A family of proteins with disparate functions that converge on a common structure, the integrin adhesion complex.Small GTPases · 2019Review
- Development of an RNA Virus-Based Episomal Vector Capable of Switching Transgene Expression.Frontiers in microbiology · 2019Article
- Tissue Factor Prothrombotic Activity Is Regulated by Integrin-arf6 Trafficking.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2017Article
- Comparative Anatomy of Phagocytic and Immunological Synapses.Frontiers in immunology · 2016Review
- Endocytosis as a mode to regulate functional expression of two-pore domain potassium (K₂p) channels.Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology · 2015Review
- The Role of ARF6 in Biliary Atresia.PloS one · 2015Article
- Arf6 regulates EGF-induced internalization of E-cadherin in breast cancer cells.Cancer cell international · 2015Article
- Supervillin binds the Rac/Rho-GEF Trio and increases Trio-mediated Rac1 activation.Cytoskeleton (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2015Article
- ADP ribosylation factor 6 (Arf6) acts through FilGAP protein to down-regulate Rac protein and regulates plasma membrane blebbing.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2014Article
- Small GTPases and phosphoinositides in the regulatory mechanisms of macropinosome formation and maturation.Frontiers in physiology · 2014Review
- Under lock and key: spatiotemporal regulation of WASP family proteins coordinates separate dynamic cellular processes.Seminars in cell & developmental biology · 2013Review
- The cytohesin coiled-coil domain interacts with threonine 276 to control membrane association.PloS one · 2013Article
- Article
- Spatiotemporal Localization of Rab20 in Live RAW264 Macrophages during Macropinocytosis.Acta histochemica et cytochemica · 2012Article
- ADP-ribosylation factor as a novel target for corneal neovascularization regression.Molecular vision · 2012Article
- GEP100/Arf6 is required for epidermal growth factor-induced ERK/Rac1 signaling and cell migration in human hepatoma HepG2 cells.PloS one · 2012Article
- WAVE regulatory complex activation by cooperating GTPases Arf and Rac1.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Activation of Rac1, a member of the Rho family of GTPases, is associated with multiple cellular responses, including membrane ruffling and focal complex formation. The mechanisms by which Rac1 is coupled to these functional responses are not well understood. It was recently shown that ARF6, a GTPase implicated in cytoskeletal alterations and a membrane recycling pathway, is required for Rac1-dependent phagocytosis in macrophages (Q. Zhang et al., J. Biol. Chem. 273:19977-19981, 1998). To determine whether ARF6 is required for Rac1-dependent cytoskeletal responses in macrophages, we expressed wild-type (WT) or guanine nucleotide binding-deficient alleles (T27N) of ARF6 in macrophages coexpressing activated alleles of Rac1 (Q61L) or Cdc42 (Q61L) or stimulated with colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1). Expression of ARF6 T27N but not ARF6 WT inhibited ruffles mediated by Rac1 Q61L or CSF-1. In contrast, expression of ARF6 T27N did not inhibit Rac1 Q61L-mediated focal complex formation and did not impair Cdc42 Q61L-mediated filopodial formation. Cryoimmunogold electron microscopy demonstrated the presence of ARF6 in membrane ruffles induced by either CSF-1 or Rac1 Q61L. Addition of CSF-1 to macrophages led to the redistribution of ARF6 from the interior of the cell to the plasma membrane, suggesting that this growth factor triggers ARF6 activation. Direct targeting of Rac1 to the plasma membrane did not bypass the blockade in ruffling induced by ARF6 T27N, indicating that ARF6 regulates a pathway leading to membrane ruffling that occurs after the activation and membrane association of Rac. These data demonstrate that intact ARF6 function is required for coupling activated Rac to one of several effector pathways and suggest that a principal function of ARF6 is to coordinate Rac activation with plasma membrane-based protrusive events.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.