ReviewImmunological reviews1999
Mucosal immunity and tolerance: relevance to vaccine development.
Review in Immunological reviews, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 239 citations in OpenAlex.
- Kinetics of local and systemic immune responses after vaginal immunization with recombinant cholera toxin B subunit in humans.Clinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology · 2005Trial
- Impacts of non-starch polysaccharide sources with enzymes influencing intestinal mucosa-associated microbiota and mucosal immunity of nursery pigs on growth and carcass traits at market weight.Journal of animal science and biotechnology · 2025Article
- PEI-Engineered Lipid@PLGA Hybrid Nanoparticles for Multimodal Delivery of Antigens and Immune Adjuvants to the Respiratory Mucosa.Advanced healthcare materials · 2024Article
- Article
- A novel bacterium-like particles platform displaying antigens by new anchoring proteins induces efficacious immune responses.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Harnessing the potential of the NALT and BALT as targets for immunomodulation using engineering strategies to enhance mucosal uptake.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein-Expressing Enterococcus for Oral Vaccination: Immunogenicity and Protection.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Article
- Mucosal immunity to poliovirus.Mucosal immunology · 2022Review
- Mucosal vaccines: wisdom from now and then.International immunology · 2021Review
- The Interleukin-33-Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cell Axis Represents a Potential Adjuvant Target To Increase the Cross-Protective Efficacy of Influenza Vaccine.Journal of virology · 2021Article
- Mucosal Vaccine Delivery Using Mucoadhesive Polymer Particulate Systems.Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine · 2021Review
- Article
- Nanocarriers-Assisted Needle-Free Vaccine Delivery Through Oral and Intranasal Transmucosal Routes: A Novel Therapeutic Conduit.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Review
- Assessment of Immunological Response and Impacts on Fertility Following Intrauterine Vaccination Delivered to Swine in an Artificial Insemination Dose.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Optimized Mucosal Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara Prime/Soluble gp120 Boost HIV Vaccination Regimen Induces Antibody Responses Similar to Those of an Intramuscular Regimen.Journal of virology · 2019Article
- Needle-Free Immunization with Chitosan-Based Systems.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Review
- Gene expression profiles of germ-free and conventional piglets from the same litter.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- MucoJet: a novel noninvasive buccal mucosa immunization strategy.Annals of translational medicine · 2018Article
- Intranasal immunization with dry powder vaccines.European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics : official journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik e.V · 2018Review
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The mucosal immune system of mammals consists of an integrated network of lymphoid cells which work in concert with innate host factors to promote host defense. Major mucosal effector immune mechanisms include secretory antibodies, largely of immunoglobulin A (IgA) isotype, cytotoxic T cells, as well as cytokines, chemokines and their receptors. Immunologic unresponsiveness (tolerance) is a key feature of the mucosal immune system, and deliberate vaccination or natural immunization by a mucosal route can effectively induce immune suppression. The diverse compartments located in the aerodigestive and genitourinary tracts and exocrine glands communicate via preferential homing of lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells. Mucosal administration of antigens may result in the concomitant expression of secretory immunoglobulin A (S-IgA) antibody responses in various mucosal tissues and secretions, and under certain conditions, in the suppression of immune responses. Thus, developing formulations based on efficient delivery of selected antigens/tolerogens, cytokines and adjuvants may impact on the design of future vaccines and of specific immunotherapeutic approaches against diseases associated with untoward immune responses, such as autoimmune disorders, allergic reactions, and tissue-damaging inflammatory reactions triggered by persistent microorganisms.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.