ArticleAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy1999
Synergistic fungistatic effects of lactoferrin in combination with antifungal drugs against clinical Candida isolates.
Article in Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 148 citations in OpenAlex.
- Enteral lactoferrin supplementation for prevention of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Enteral lactoferrin for the treatment of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Enteral lactoferrin supplementation for prevention of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Antifungal peptides: From modes of action to synergistic and immunologic potential.Cell stress · 2026Article
- Synergistic effect of lactoferrin combined with fluconazole to overcome antifungal resistance in Candida species.Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials · 2025Article
- The Multifaceted Functions of Lactoferrin in Antimicrobial Defense and Inflammation.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- The Role of Lactoferrin in CombatingMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Lactoferrin as a Candidate Multifunctional Therapeutic in Synucleinopathies.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Combinatory Use of hLF(1-11), a Synthetic Peptide Derived from Human Lactoferrin, and Fluconazole/Amphotericin B againstAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Antifungal Synergy: Mechanistic Insights into the R-1-R Peptide andInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Chemical genomic analysis reveals the interplay between iron chelation, zinc homeostasis, and retromer function in the bioactivity of an ethanol adduct of the feijoa fruit-derived ellagitannin vescalagin.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2024Article
- Review
- Antimicrobial Peptides: Avant-Garde Antifungal Agents to Fight against Medically ImportantPharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Activity of Apo-Lactoferrin on Pathogenic Protozoa.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Antimicrobial activity of bovine lactoferrin againstFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Antimicrobial effect and mechanism of bovine lactoferrin against the potato common scab pathogen Streptomyces scabiei.PloS one · 2022Article
- The multifaceted nature of antimicrobial peptides: current synthetic chemistry approaches and future directions.Chemical Society reviews · 2021Review
- Human milk immunomodulatory proteins are related to development of infant body composition during the first year of lactation.Pediatric research · 2021Observational
- Lactoferrin and Its Derived Peptides: An Alternative for Combating Virulence Mechanisms Developed by Pathogens.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Lactoferrin Is Broadly Active against Yeasts and Highly Synergistic with Amphotericin B.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Because of the rising incidence of failures in the treatment of oropharyngeal candidosis in the case of severely immunosuppressed patients (mostly human immunodeficiency virus [HIV]-infected patients), there is need for the development of new, more effective agents and/or compounds that support the activity of the common antifungal agents. Since lactoferrin is one of the nonspecific host defense factors present in saliva that exhibit antifungal activity, we studied the antifungal effects of human, bovine, and iron-depleted lactoferrin in combination with fluconazole, amphotericin B, and 5-fluorocytosine in vitro against clinical isolates of Candida species. Distinct antifungal activities of lactoferrin were observed against clinical isolates of Candida. The MICs generally were determined to be in the range of 0.5 to 100 mg. ml(-1). Interestingly, in the combination experiments we observed pronounced cooperative activity against the growth of Candida by using lactoferrin and the three antifungals tested. Only in a limited concentration range was minor antagonism detected. The use of lactoferrin and fluconazole appeared to be the most successful combination. Significant reductions in the minimal effective concentrations of fluconazole were found when it was combined with a relatively low lactoferrin concentration (1 mg/ml). Such combinations still resulted in complete growth inhibition, while synergy of up to 50% against several Candida species was observed. It is concluded that the combined use of lactoferrin and antifungals against severe infections with Candida is an attractive therapeutic option. Since fluconazole-resistant Candida species have frequently been reported, especially in HIV-infected patients, the addition of lactoferrin to the existing fluconazole therapy could postpone the occurrence of species resistance against fluconazole. Clinical studies to further elucidate the potential utility of this combination therapy have been initiated.
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