ArticleJournal of bacteriology1999
Molecular evolution of the pathogenicity island of enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis strains.
Article in Journal of bacteriology, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 90 citations in OpenAlex.
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- A highly conserved SusCD transporter determines the import and species-specific antagonism of Bacteroides ubiquitin homologues.Nature communications · 2024Article
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- Toxin-linked mobile genetic elements in major enteric bacterial pathogens.Gut microbiome (Cambridge, England) · 2023Review
- Microdiversity sustains the distribution of rhizosphere-associated bacterial species from the root surface to the bulk soil region in maize crop fields.Frontiers in plant science · 2023Article
- The impact of the human microbiome in tumorigenesis, cancer progression, and biotherapeutic development.BMC microbiology · 2022Review
- G-protein coupled receptor 35 (GPR35) regulates the colonic epithelial cell response to enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis.Communications biology · 2021Article
- Strain diversity in the microbiome: Lessons from Bacteroides fragilis.PLoS pathogens · 2020Review
- MetaPGN: a pipeline for construction and graphical visualization of annotated pangenome networks.GigaScience · 2018Article
- A Two-Component System Regulates Bacteroides fragilis Toxin to Maintain Intestinal Homeostasis and Prevent Lethal Disease.Cell host & microbe · 2017Article
- Comparison of standard, quantitative and digital PCR in the detection of enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- Activation of Bacteroides fragilis toxin by a novel bacterial protease contributes to anaerobic sepsis in mice.Nature medicine · 2016Article
- Evolution of Bacterial Pathogens Within the Human Host.Microbiology spectrum · 2016Review
- Isolation, Detection, and Characterization of Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis in Clinical Samples.The open microbiology journal · 2016Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) strains, which produce a 20-kDa zinc metalloprotease toxin (BFT), have been associated with diarrheal disease in animals and young children. Studying a collection of ETBF and nontoxigenic B. fragilis (NTBF) strains, we found that bft and a second metalloprotease gene (mpII) are contained in an approximately 6-kb pathogenicity island (termed B. fragilis pathogenicity island or BfPAI) which is present exclusively in all 113 ETBF strains tested (pattern I). Of 191 NTBF strains, 100 (52%) lack both the BfPAI and at least a 12-kb region flanking BfPAI (pattern II), and 82 of 191 NTBF strains (43%) lack the BfPAI but contain the flanking region (pattern III). The nucleotide sequence flanking the left end of the BfPAI revealed a region with the same organization as the mobilization region of the 5-nitroimidazole resistance plasmid pIP417 and the clindamycin resistance plasmid pBFTM10, that is, two mobilization genes (bfmA and bfmB) organized in one operon and a putative origin of transfer (oriT) located in a small, compact region. The region flanking the right end of the BfPAI contains a gene (bfmC) whose predicted protein shares significant identity to the TraD mobilization proteins encoded by plasmids F and R100 from Escherichia coli. Nucleotide sequence analysis of one NTBF pattern III strain (strain I-1345) revealed that bfmB and bfmC are adjacent to each other and separated by a 16-bp GC-rich sequence. Comparison of this sequence with the appropriate sequence of ETBF strain 86-5443-2-2 showed that in this ETBF strain the 16-bp sequence is replaced by the BfPAI. This result defined the BfPAI as being 6,036 bp in length and its precise integration site as being between the bfmB and bfmC stop codons. The G+C content of the BfPAI (35%) and the flanking DNA (47 to 50%) differ greatly from that reported for the B. fragilis chromosome (42%), suggesting that the BfPAI and its flanking region are two distinct genetic elements originating from very different organisms. ETBF strains may have evolved by horizontal transfer of these two genetic elements into a pattern II NTBF strain.
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