ArticleInfection and immunity1999
Enterococcus faecalis bearing aggregation substance is resistant to killing by human neutrophils despite phagocytosis and neutrophil activation.
Article in Infection and immunity, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 162 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Gelatinase regulates the egress of intracellular replicating populations during Enterococcus faecalis infection.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Article
- Bacterial translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes fueling surgical site infections: evidence, technical challenges and future directions.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Insights into ecology, pathogenesis, and biofilm formation ofMicrobiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2025Review
- Review
- Exploring the role of E. faecalis enterococcal polysaccharide antigen (EPA) and lipoproteins in evasion of phagocytosis.Molecular microbiology · 2024Article
- Non-Clinical microbiology reviews · 2024Review
- Enterococcal-host interactions in the gastrointestinal tract and beyond.FEMS microbes · 2024Review
- Structural foundation for the role of enterococcal PrgB in conjugation, biofilm formation, and virulence.eLife · 2023Article
- Review
- Carbohydrate Metabolism Affects Macrophage-Mediated Killing of Enterococcus faecalis.mSystems · 2021Article
- Let Me Upgrade You: Impact of Mobile Genetic Elements on Enterococcal Adaptation and Evolution.Journal of bacteriology · 2021Review
- In Vitro Reduction of Interleukin-8 Response toMicroorganisms · 2021Article
- Inhibition of the Classical Pathway of Complement Activation Impairs Bacterial Clearance during Enterococcus faecalis Infection.Infection and immunity · 2021Article
- Review
- Competent but complex communication: The phenomena of pheromone-responsive plasmids.PLoS pathogens · 2020Review
- Polymer Adhesin Domains in Gram-Positive Cell Surface Proteins.Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Review
- Propionate, together with triple antibiotics, inhibits the growth of Enterococci.Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea) · 2019Article
- Pathogenicity of Enterococci.Microbiology spectrum · 2019Review
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis aggregation substance (AS) mediates efficient bacterium-bacterium contact to facilitate plasmid exchange as part of a bacterial sex pheromone system. We have previously determined that AS promotes direct, opsonin-independent binding of E. faecalis to human neutrophils (PMNs) via complement receptor type 3 and other receptors on the PMN surface. We have now examined the functional consequences of this bacterium-host cell interaction. AS-bearing E. faecalis was phagocytosed and internalized by PMNs, as determined by deconvolution fluorescence microscopy. However, these bacteria were not killed by PMNs, and internalized bacteria excluded propidium iodide, indicating intact bacterial membranes. Resistance to killing occurred despite activation of PMNs, as indicated by an increase in both functional and total surface Mac-1 expression, shedding of L-selectin, and an increase in PMN extracellular superoxide and phagosomal oxidant production. Deconvolution fluorescence microscopy also revealed that phagosomes containing AS-bearing bacteria were markedly larger than phagosomes containing opsonized E. faecalis, suggesting that some modification of phagosomal maturation may be involved in AS-induced resistance to killing. PMN phagosomal pH was significantly higher after ingestion of nonopsonized AS-bearing E. faecalis than after that of opsonized bacteria. The novel ability of AS to promote intracellular survival of E. faecalis inside PMNs suggests that AS may be a virulence factor used by strains of E. faecalis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.