ArticleInfection and immunity1999
Laccase protects Cryptococcus neoformans from antifungal activity of alveolar macrophages.
Article in Infection and immunity, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 93 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
93 citing papers in PubMed, 185 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Putative Multicopper Oxidase Encoded byInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Immune Modulation and Evasion byACS omega · 2026Review
- The multifaceted physiological roles of fungal laccases.Communications biology · 2026Review
- Whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomic analysis ofMicrobial genomics · 2025Article
- The Hidden Fortress: A Comprehensive Review of Fungal Biofilms with Emphasis onJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The Rhizophagus irregularis permease RiFTR1 functions without a ferroxidase partner for reductive iron transport.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Virulence factors released by extracellular vesicles fromFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Measuring Laccase Activity and Melanin Production in Cryptococcus neoformans.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Article
- Fungal Laccases: Fundamentals, Engineering and Classification Update.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- "Under Pressure" - How fungi evade, exploit, and modulate cells of the innate immune system.Seminars in immunology · 2023Review
- Multicopper oxidases with laccase-ferroxidase activity: Classification and study of ferroxidase activity determinants in a member fromComputational and structural biotechnology journal · 2023Article
- Review
- Methamphetamine Enhances Cryptococcus neoformans Melanization, Antifungal Resistance, and Pathogenesis in a Murine Model of Drug Administration and Systemic Infection.Infection and immunity · 2022Article
- FasterJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Phenotypic Plasticity in the Productions of Virulence Factors Within and Among Serotypes in the Cryptococcus neoformans Species Complex.Mycopathologia · 2022Article
- Antifungal activity of liriodenine on clinical strains ofThe journal of venomous animals and toxins including tropical diseases · 2022Article
- Macrophage Mediated Immunomodulation DuringFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- Cryptococcus neoformans melanization incorporates multiple catecholamines to produce polytypic melanin.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2022Article
- Cell Wall Integrity Pathway Involved in Morphogenesis, Virulence and Antifungal Susceptibility inJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Article
33 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
While laccase of Cryptococcus neoformans is implicated in the virulence of the organism, our recent studies showing absence of melanin in the infected mouse brain has led us to a search for alternative roles for laccase in cryptococcosis. We investigated the role of laccase in protection of C. neoformans against murine alveolar macrophage (AM)-mediated antifungal activity by using a pair of congenic laccase-positive (2E-TUC) and laccase-deficient (2E-TU) strains. The laccase-positive cells with laccase derepression were more resistant to the antifungal activity of AM than a laccase-deficient strain ([28.9 +/- 1.2]% versus [40.2 +/- 2.6]% killing). Addition of L-dopa to Cryptococcus to produce melanin in a laccase-positive strain resulted in a slight increase in protection of C. neoformans from the antifungal activity of macrophages ([25.4 +/- 3.4]% versus [28.9 +/- 1.2]% killing). Recombinant cryptococcal laccase exhibited iron oxidase activity in converting Fe(II) to Fe(III). Moreover, recombinant laccase inhibited killing of C. neoformans by hydroxyl radicals catalyzed by iron in a cell-free system. Addition of the hydroxyl radical scavenger mannitol or dimethyl sulfoxide to AMs prior to the introduction of cryptococcal cells decreased killing of both strains and reduced the difference in susceptibility between the laccase-positive and laccase-deficient strains. Furthermore, laccase-mediated protection from AM killing was inhibited by the addition of Fe(II), presumably by overcoming the effects of the iron oxidase activity of cryptococcal laccase. These results suggest that the iron oxidase activity of laccase may protect C. neoformans from macrophages by oxidation of phagosomal iron to Fe(III) with a resultant decrease in hydroxyl radical formation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.