ArticleInfection and immunity1999
Reactive nitrogen and oxygen species ameliorate experimental cryptosporidiosis in the neonatal BALB/c mouse model.
Article in Infection and immunity, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Functional Characterization and Inhibition Analysis of a Glutathione Transferase fromPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Early life infection withGut microbes · 2025Article
- The Complexity of Interferon Signaling in Host Defense against Protozoan Parasite Infection.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Early immune and host cell responses toFrontiers in parasitology · 2023Article
- Article
- Article
- Induction of Inflammatory Responses in Splenocytes by Exosomes Released from Intestinal Epithelial Cells followingInfection and immunity · 2019Article
- Prospects for immunotherapy and vaccines against Cryptosporidium.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2014Review
- Intestinal CD103+ dendritic cells are key players in the innate immune control of Cryptosporidium parvum infection in neonatal mice.PLoS pathogens · 2013Article
- Arginine decreases Cryptosporidium parvum infection in undernourished suckling mice involving nitric oxide synthase and arginase.Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) · 2012Article
- Cryptosporidiosis-an overview.Journal of biomedical research · 2012Article
- Lymphocytes and not IFN-gamma mediate expression of iNOS by intestinal epithelium in murine cryptosporidiosis.Parasitology research · 2010Article
- Effects of curcumin on Cryptosporidium parvum in vitro.Parasitology research · 2009Article
- Induction of arginase II by intestinal epithelium promotes the uptake of L-arginine from the lumen of Cryptosporidium parvum-infected porcine ileum.Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition · 2008Article
- Identification and characterization of a mitochondrial iron-superoxide dismutase of Cryptosporidium parvum.Parasitology research · 2008Article
- Oral delivery of L-arginine stimulates prostaglandin-dependent secretory diarrhea in Cryptosporidium parvum-infected neonatal piglets.Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition · 2008Article
- Local peroxynitrite formation contributes to early control of Cryptosporidium parvum infection.Infection and immunity · 2005Article
- Cryptosporidium parvum-specific mucosal immune response in C57BL/6 neonatal and gamma interferon-deficient mice: role of tumor necrosis factor alpha in protection.Infection and immunity · 2001Article
- Effects of soybean isoflavone on intestinal antioxidant capacity and cytokines in young piglets fed oxidized fish oil.Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. BArticle
- L-arginine metabolism as pivotal interface of mutual host-microbe interactions in the gut.Gut microbesReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Four-day-old BALB/c mice were infected by the oral administration of 50,000 Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts, and the resulting infection was scored histologically and by counting colonic oocysts. Infection occurred in the ileum and proximal colon (but not duodenum and jejunum), peaked on days 14 to 18, and was cleared between days 24 and 30. Nitric oxide (NO) appeared to play a protective role in this model as evidenced by the facts that plasma nitrite and nitrate levels increased during the period of peak parasitosis; immunohistochemically detected inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was increased in the ileum and colon enterocytes of infected animals; the NOS inhibitor L-N-iminoethyl lysine or N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) decreased the elevated plasma nitrite and nitrate levels while exacerbating the infection and increasing oocyst shedding; administration of a NO donor, S-nitroso-N-penicillamine, reduced oocyst and infection scores; and neonatal iNOS knockout mice exhibited a slightly longer infection than control animals. The oral administration of oocysts to L-NAME-treated BALB/c mice, but not control animals, between 24 and 40 days old resulted in the fecal excretion of oocysts 1 week later. Administration of the antioxidant ascorbic acid also exacerbated the C. parvum infection, suggesting a protective role for reactive nitrogen and/or reactive oxygen compounds, while administration of the superoxide scavenger superoxide dismutase exacerbated the infection. Taken together these data suggest that both reactive nitrogen and reactive oxygen species play protective roles in experimental cryptosporidiosis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.