ArticleInfection and immunity1999
Coadministration of interleukin 12 expression vector with antigen 2 cDNA enhances induction of protective immunity against Coccidioides immitis.
Article in Infection and immunity, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Host Response to Coccidioidomycosis.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- The potential of a universal influenza virus-like particle vaccine expressing a chimeric cytokine.Life science alliance · 2023Article
- Genetic Vaccination as a Flexible Tool to Overcome the Immunological Complexity of Invasive Fungal Infections.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Review
- Article
- An agonist of human complement fragment C5a enhances vaccine immunity against Coccidioides infection.Vaccine · 2012Article
- Vaccination with heat shock protein 60 induces a protective immune response against experimental Paracoccidioides brasiliensis pulmonary infection.Infection and immunity · 2008Article
- Advances in combating fungal diseases: vaccines on the threshold.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2007Review
- Protective immunity elicited by a divalent DNA vaccine encoding both the L7/L12 and Omp16 genes of Brucella abortus in BALB/c mice.Infection and immunity · 2006Article
- Protein expression profiling of Coccidioides posadasii by two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis and evaluation of a newly recognized peroxisomal matrix protein as a recombinant vaccine candidate.Infection and immunity · 2006Article
- Expression of functional interleukin-12 from mouse in transgenic tomato plants.Transgenic research · 2005Article
- Coccidioides posadasii infection alters the expression of pulmonary surfactant proteins (SP)-A and SP-D.Respiratory research · 2004Article
- Coccidioidomycosis: host response and vaccine development.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2004Review
- A DNA vaccine encoding Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase of Brucella abortus induces protective immunity in BALB/c mice.Infection and immunity · 2003Article
- Genetic immunization elicits antigen-specific protective immune responses and decreases disease severity in Trypanosoma cruzi infection.Infection and immunity · 2002Article
- Role of signal sequence in vaccine-induced protection against experimental coccidioidomycosis.Infection and immunity · 2002Article
- Localization within a proline-rich antigen (Ag2/PRA) of protective antigenicity against infection with Coccidioides immitis in mice.Infection and immunity · 2002Article
- Protection of mice against Coccidioides immitis intranasal infection by vaccination with recombinant antigen 2/PRA.Infection and immunity · 2002Article
- Coexpression of interleukin-12 chains by a self-splicing vector increases the protective cellular immune response of DNA and Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccines against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Infection and immunity · 2002Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Interleukin 12 (IL-12) plays an important role in the induction of protective immunity against cancer and infectious diseases. In this study we asked whether IL-12 cDNA could increase the protective capacity of the antigen 2 (Ag2) gene vaccine in experimental coccidioidomycosis. Coimmunization of BALB/c mice with a single-chain IL-12 cDNA (p40-L-p35) and Ag2 cDNA, both subcloned into the pVR1012 plasmid, significantly enhanced protection against systemic challenge with 2,500 arthroconidia, as evidenced by a greater-than-1.3-log-unit reduction in the fungal load in the lungs and spleens compared to mice receiving the pVR1012 vector alone, Ag2 cDNA alone, or IL-12 cDNA alone. The enhanced protection was associated with increased gamma interferon secretion; production of immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a), IgG2b, and IgG3 antibodies to Coccidioides immitis antigen; and the influx of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in lungs and spleens. When challenged by the pulmonary route, mice covaccinated with Ag2 cDNA and IL-12 cDNA were not protected at the lung level but did show a significant reduction in the fungal load in their livers and spleens compared to mice vaccinated with Ag2 cDNA or IL-12 cDNA alone. These results suggest that IL-12 acts as a therapeutic adjuvant to enhance Ag2 cDNA-induced protective immunity against experimental coccidioidomycosis through the induction of Th1-associated immune responses.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.