ArticleInfection and immunity1999
Salmonella typhimurium virulence genes are induced upon bacterial invasion into phagocytic and nonphagocytic cells.
Article in Infection and immunity, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers.
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Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed.
- A functional screen for bacterial ubiquitin regulation identifies an unusual Pseudomonas aeruginosa E3 ligase.The EMBO journal · 2026Article
- Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterization of Salmonella Typhimurium Strains Isolated from Swine in the Southern Region of Brazil.Current microbiology · 2026Article
- Enteric tuft cell inflammasome activation drives NKp46+ILC3 IL22 via PGD2 and inhibits Salmonella.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2025Article
- Survival of Salmonella Typhimurium in the hemolymph of the German cockroach vector is limited by both humoral immune factors and hemocytes but not by trehalose metabolism.Journal of medical entomology · 2023Article
- Comparative Whole-Genome Analysis of Russian Foodborne Multidrug-ResistantMicroorganisms · 2021Article
- Quantitative proteomic screen identifies annexin A2 as a host target for Salmonella pathogenicity island-2 effectors SopD2 and PipB2.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Campylobacter coli strains from Brazil can invade phagocytic and epithelial cells and induce IL-8 secretion.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2021Article
- Article
- Events associated with susceptibility to invasive Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi in BALB/c mice previously infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Salmonella Typhimurium isolates from humans and foods in Brazil.PloS one · 2020Article
- Article
- Novel Role of VisP and the Wzz System during O-Antigen Assembly in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Pathogenesis.Infection and immunity · 2018Article
- Genetic and Dietary Iron Overload Differentially Affect the Course ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2017Article
- Intramacrophage Infection Reinforces the Virulence of Edwardsiella tarda.Journal of bacteriology · 2016Article
- Distinct innate responses are induced by attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium mutants.Cellular immunology · 2016Article
- The arsenal of pathogens and antivirulence therapeutic strategies for disarming them.Drug design, development and therapy · 2016Review
- Regulation of bacterial virulence by Csr (Rsm) systems.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2015Review
- Article
- The SdiA-regulated gene srgE encodes a type III secreted effector.Journal of bacteriology · 2014Article
- A low-pH medium in vitro or the environment within a macrophage decreases the transcriptional levels of fimA, fimZ and lrp in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.Journal of biosciences · 2013Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Survival and growth of salmonellae within host cells are important aspects of bacterial virulence. We have developed an assay to identify Salmonella typhimurium genes that are induced inside Salmonella-containing vacuoles within macrophage and epithelial cells. A promoterless luciferase gene cassette was inserted randomly into the Salmonella chromosome, and the resulting mutants were screened for genes upregulated in intracellular bacteria compared to extracellular bacteria. We identified four genes in S. typhimurium that were upregulated upon bacterial invasion of both phagocytic and nonphagocytic cells. Expression of these genes was not induced by factors secreted by host cells or media alone. All four genes were induced at early time points (2 to 4 h) postinvasion and continued to be upregulated within host cells at later times (5 to 7 h). One mutant contained an insertion in the ssaR gene, within Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (SPI-2), which abolished bacterial virulence in a murine typhoid model. Two other mutants contained insertions within SPI-5, one in the sopB/sigD gene and the other in a downstream gene, pipB. The insertions within SPI-5 resulted in the attenuation of S. typhimurium in the mouse model. The fourth mutant contained an insertion within a previously undescribed region of the S. typhimurium chromosome, iicA (induced intracellularly A). We detected no effect on virulence as a result of this insertion. In conclusion, all but one of the genes identified in this study were virulence factors within pathogenicity islands, illustrating the requirement for specific gene expression inside mammalian cells and indicating the key role that virulence factor regulation plays in Salmonella pathogenesis.
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