ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America1999
Direct visualization of the elt-2 gut-specific GATA factor binding to a target promoter inside the living Caenorhabditis elegans embryo.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 115 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transcriptomic profiling of the embryonicbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- A GATA factor radiation inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- Evolutionary Change in Gut Specification inJournal of developmental biology · 2023Review
- The GATA factor ELT-3 specifies endoderm in Caenorhabditis angaria in an ancestral gene network.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2022Article
- Article
- Plasticity in gustatory and nociceptive neurons controls decision making in C. elegans salt navigation.Communications biology · 2021Article
- Evolutionary Dynamics of the SKN-1 → MED → END-1,3 Regulatory Gene Cascade inG3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2020Article
- Development of a toolkit for piggyBac-mediated integrative transfection of the human filarial parasite Brugia malayi.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2018Article
- Genome-wide discovery of active regulatory elements and transcription factor footprints inGenome research · 2017Article
- Stochastic loss and gain of symmetric divisions in the C. elegans epidermis perturbs robustness of stem cell number.PLoS biology · 2017Article
- Role of Nrf2/HO-1 system in development, oxidative stress response and diseases: an evolutionarily conserved mechanism.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2016Review
- Neuron-specific knock-down of SMN1 causes neuron degeneration and death through an apoptotic mechanism.Human molecular genetics · 2016Article
- Mutagenesis of GATA motifs controlling the endoderm regulator elt-2 reveals distinct dominant and secondary cis-regulatory elements.Developmental biology · 2016Article
- Deactivation of the GATA Transcription Factor ELT-2 Is a Major Driver of Normal Aging in C. elegans.PLoS genetics · 2016Article
- Article
- The function and regulation of the GATA factor ELT-2 in the C. elegans endoderm.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2016Article
- Article
- CDC-25.2, a C. elegans ortholog of cdc25, is essential for the progression of intestinal divisions.Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In analyzing the transcriptional networks that regulate development, one ideally would like to determine whether a particular transcription factor binds directly to a candidate target promoter inside the living embryo. Properties of the Caenorhabditis elegans elt-2 gene, which encodes a gut-specific GATA factor, have allowed us to develop such a method. We previously have shown, by means of ectopic expression studies, that elt-2 regulates its own promoter. To test whether this autoregulation is direct, we fused green fluorescent protein (GFP) close to the C terminus of elt-2 in a construct that contains the full elt-2 promoter and the full elt-2 zinc finger DNA binding domain; the construct is expressed correctly (i.e., only in the gut lineage) and is able to rescue the lethality of an elt-2 null mutant. Multicopy transgenic arrays of this rescuing elt-2::GFP construct were integrated into the genome and transgenic embryos were examined when the developing gut has 4-8 cells; the majority of these embryonic gut nuclei show two discrete intense foci of fluorescence. We interpret these fluorescent foci as the result of ELT-2::GFP binding directly to its own promoter within nuclei of the developing gut lineage. Numerous control experiments, both genetic and biochemical, all support this conclusion and support the specificity of the binding. The approach should be applicable to studying other transcription factors binding target promoters, all within the living C. elegans embryo.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.