ReviewClinical microbiology reviews1999
Antifungal agents: mode of action, mechanisms of resistance, and correlation of these mechanisms with bacterial resistance.
Review in Clinical microbiology reviews, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 536 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
536 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 1,747 citations in OpenAlex.
- The efficacy and safety of current treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Plasma gelsolin attenuates acute tissue inflammation and modulates monocyte responses in experimental candidemia.Current research in microbial sciences · 2026Article
- Antifungal metallacarboranes modulate Hsp90 activity.Future medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- Applicability of NAMs to support a read-across based hazard assessment workflow for systemic toxicity: a conazole case study.Archives of toxicology · 2026Article
- Antifungal and Reactive Oxygen Species Response ofACS physical chemistry Au · 2026Article
- The MoSR-MoDde1 Regulatory Axis: A Novel Determinant of DMI Sensitivity and a Target for Sustainable Rice Blast Control.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Oxidative stress-responsive cell wall remodeling depends on phosphate in Candida albicans.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Translating biosynthetic gene cluster architecture into biosensor design for microbial natural product discovery.Essays in biochemistry · 2026Review
- From Oral Candidiasis to Candidemia: A Review of Superficial to Invasive Progression.MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Review
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- Ethanolic extract of Polish Propolis exhibits synergy with selected antifungal agents against yeast pathogens causing candidiasis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Synthesis of some novel coumarin-based heterocycles, elucidation of their antifungal behavior, molecular docking and computational studies.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- A review of the current anti-New microbes and new infections · 2026Review
- Antibiotic Mechanisms and Resistance: Molecular Insights and Therapeutic Strategies.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Para-dichlorobenzene inhibits Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 by inducing membrane damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, and transcriptional reprogramming.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Nanoformulations of essential oils for the treatment of fungal diseases, with a focus on dermatophytes.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Machine learning identifies novel signatures of antifungal drug resistance in Saccharomycotina yeasts.PLoS genetics · 2026Article
476 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The increased use of antibacterial and antifungal agents in recent years has resulted in the development of resistance to these drugs. The significant clinical implication of resistance has led to heightened interest in the study of antimicrobial resistance from different angles. Areas addressed include mechanisms underlying this resistance, improved methods to detect resistance when it occurs, alternate options for the treatment of infections caused by resistant organisms, and strategies to prevent and control the emergence and spread of resistance. In this review, the mode of action of antifungals and their mechanisms of resistance are discussed. Additionally, an attempt is made to discuss the correlation between fungal and bacterial resistance. Antifungals can be grouped into three classes based on their site of action: azoles, which inhibit the synthesis of ergosterol (the main fungal sterol); polyenes, which interact with fungal membrane sterols physicochemically; and 5-fluorocytosine, which inhibits macromolecular synthesis. Many different types of mechanisms contribute to the development of resistance to antifungals. These mechanisms include alteration in drug target, alteration in sterol biosynthesis, reduction in the intercellular concentration of target enzyme, and overexpression of the antifungal drug target. Although the comparison between the mechanisms of resistance to antifungals and antibacterials is necessarily limited by several factors defined in the review, a correlation between the two exists. For example, modification of enzymes which serve as targets for antimicrobial action and the involvement of membrane pumps in the extrusion of drugs are well characterized in both the eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.