ArticleInfection and immunity1999
Local and systemic neutralizing antibody responses induced by intranasal immunization with the nontoxic binding domain of toxin A from Clostridium difficile.
Article in Infection and immunity, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Major pathogenicIranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2022Review
- Frontiers in antibiotic alternatives forWorld journal of gastroenterology · 2021Article
- Biochemical and Immunological Characterization of Truncated Fragments of the Receptor-Binding Domains of C. difficile Toxin A.PloS one · 2015Article
- A chimeric protein comprising the glucosyltransferase and cysteine proteinase domains of toxin B and the receptor binding domain of toxin A induces protective immunity against Clostridium difficile infection in mice and hamsters.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2015Article
- Antibodies for treatment of Clostridium difficile infection.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2014Review
- Recombinant antigens based on toxins A and B of Clostridium difficile that evoke a potent toxin-neutralising immune response.Vaccine · 2014Article
- Vaccines against Clostridium difficile.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2014Review
- Protective efficacy induced by recombinant Clostridium difficile toxin fragments.Infection and immunity · 2013Article
- Article
- The host immune response to Clostridium difficile infection.Therapeutic advances in infectious disease · 2013Review
- A chimeric toxin vaccine protects against primary and recurrent Clostridium difficile infection.Infection and immunity · 2012Article
- Development and evaluation of an ovine antibody-based platform for treatment of Clostridium difficile infection.Infection and immunity · 2012Article
- Immunization with Bacillus spores expressing toxin A peptide repeats protects against infection with Clostridium difficile strains producing toxins A and B.Infection and immunity · 2011Article
- Neutralization of Clostridium difficile toxin A with single-domain antibodies targeting the cell receptor binding domain.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2011Article
- Clostridium difficile in ready-to-eat salads, Scotland.Emerging infectious diseases · 2009Article
- C-terminal repeats of Clostridium difficile toxin A induce production of chemokine and adhesion molecules in endothelial cells and promote migration of leukocytes.Infection and immunity · 2008Article
- Clostridium difficile toxin A carboxyl-terminus peptide lacking ADP-ribosyltransferase activity acts as a mucosal adjuvant.Infection and immunity · 2004Article
- Management and Prevention of Clostridium difficile-Associated Diarrhea.Current infectious disease reports · 2001Article
- Update on Clostridium difficile infection.Current gastroenterology reports · 2000Review
- Coimmunization with complementary glucosyltransferase peptides results in enhanced immunogenicity and protection against dental caries.Infection and immunity · 2000Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Fourteen of the 38 C-terminal repeats from Clostridium difficile toxin A (14CDTA) were cloned and expressed either with an N-terminal polyhistidine tag (14CDTA-HIS) or fused to the nontoxic binding domain from tetanus toxin (14CDTA-TETC). The recombinant proteins were successfully purified by bovine thyroglobulin affinity chromatography. Both C. difficile toxin A fusion proteins bound to known toxin A ligands present on the surface of rabbit erythrocytes. Intranasal immunization of BALB/c mice with three separate 10-microg doses of 14CDTA-HIS or -TETC generated significant levels of anti-toxin A serum antibodies compared to control animals. The coadministration of the mucosal adjuvant heat labile toxin (LT) from Escherichia coli (1 microg) significantly increased the anti-toxin A response in the serum and at the mucosal surface. Importantly, the local and systemic antibodies generated neutralized toxin A cytotoxicity. Impressive systemic and mucosal anti-toxin A responses were also seen following coadministration of 14CDTA-TETC with LTR72, an LT derivative with reduced toxicity which shows potential as a mucosal adjuvant for humans.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.