ArticleJournal of virology1999
Secreted respiratory syncytial virus G glycoprotein induces interleukin-5 (IL-5), IL-13, and eosinophilia by an IL-4-independent mechanism.
Article in Journal of virology, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 151 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus F Protein Adjuvanted with a Carbomer-Based Adjuvant Induces Protective Humoral Response in Mice.ACS omega · 2026Article
- The Complexity of Immunoglobulin A Immune Responses in Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection.Viruses · 2026Review
- Recombinant RSV G protein vaccine induces enhanced respiratory disease via IL-13 and mucin overproduction.NPJ vaccines · 2024Article
- The role of respiratory syncytial virus G protein in immune cell infection and pathogenesis.EBioMedicine · 2024Review
- Assessing the protection elicited by virus-like particles expressing the RSV pre-fusion F and tandem repeated G proteins against RSV rA2 line19F infection in mice.Respiratory research · 2024Article
- Virus-like Particle Vaccine Expressing the Respiratory Syncytial Virus Pre-Fusion and G Proteins Confers Protection against RSV Challenge Infection.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Article
- Structure-Based Design and Antigenic Validation of Respiratory Syncytial Virus G Immunogens.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- Vaccine-associated enhanced disease in humans and animal models: Lessons and challenges for vaccine development.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Article
- Innate Immune Components that Regulate the Pathogenesis and Resolution of hRSV and hMPV Infections.Viruses · 2020Review
- Prefusion RSV F Immunization Elicits Th2-Mediated Lung Pathology in Mice When Formulated With a Th2 (but Not a Th1/Th2-Balanced) Adjuvant Despite Complete Viral Protection.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- PD-1 of Sigmodon hispidus: Gene identification, characterization and preliminary evaluation of expression in inactivated RSV vaccine-induced enhanced respiratory disease.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Sublingual Immunization With an RSV G Glycoprotein Fragment Primes IL-17-Mediated Immunopathology Upon Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- Targeting CD40 enhances antibody- and CD8-mediated protection against respiratory syncytial virus infection.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- A critical role of Gas6/Axl signal in allergic airway responses during RSV vaccine-enhanced disease.Immunology and cell biology · 2017Article
- Hazard Characterization of Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara Vector: What Are the Knowledge Gaps?Viruses · 2017Review
- Preclinical evaluation of bacterially produced RSV-G protein vaccine: Strong protection against RSV challenge in cotton rat model.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Cellular Immune Correlates Preventing Disease Against Respiratory Syncytial Virus by Vaccination with Virus-Like Nanoparticles Carrying Fusion Proteins.Journal of biomedical nanotechnology · 2017Article
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The attachment glycoprotein G of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is produced as both membrane-anchored and secreted forms by infected cells. Immunization with secreted RSV G (Gs) or formalin-inactivated alumprecipitated RSV (FI-RSV) predisposes mice to immune responses involving a Th2 cell phenotype which results in more severe illness and pathology, decreased viral clearance, and increased pulmonary eosinophilia upon subsequent RSV challenge. These responses are associated with increased interleukin-4 (IL-4) production in FI-RSV-primed mice, and the responses are IL-4 dependent. RNase protection assays demonstrated that similar levels of IL-4 mRNA were induced after RSV challenge in mice primed with vaccinia virus expressing Gs (vvGs) or a construct expressing only membrane-anchored G (vvGr). However, upon RSV challenge, vvGs-primed mice produced significantly greater levels of IL-5 and IL-13 mRNA and protein than vvGr-primed mice. Administration of neutralizing anti-IL-4 antibody 11.B11 during vaccinia virus priming did not alter the levels of vvGs-induced IL-5, IL-13, pulmonary eosinophilia, illness, or RSV titers upon RSV challenge, although immunoglobulin G (IgG) isotype profiles revealed that more IgG2a was produced. vvGs-priming of IL-4-deficient mice demonstrated that G-induced airway eosinophilia was not dependent on IL-4. In contrast, airway eosinophilia induced by FI-RSV priming was significantly reduced in IL-4-deficient mice. Thus we conclude that, in contrast to FI-RSV, the secreted form of RSV G can directly induce IL-5 and IL-13, producing pulmonary eosinophilia and enhanced illness in RSV-challenged mice by an IL-4-independent mechanism.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.