ArticleJournal of virology1999
CD40-Mediated induction of CD4 and CXCR4 on B lymphocytes correlates with restricted susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection: potential role of B lymphocytes as a viral reservoir.
Article in Journal of virology, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Resident microbes shape host immunity and protect against pathogen infection and inflammatory disease.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2026Review
- CD4+ T cells facilitate replication of primary HIV-1 strains in macrophages and formation of macrophage internal virus-containing compartments.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Protective antibodies target cryptic epitope unmasked by cleavage of malaria sporozoite protein.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2025Article
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- Rare, convergent antibodies targeting the stem helix broadly neutralize diverse betacoronaviruses.Cell host & microbe · 2023Article
- HIV-1 activates oxidative phosphorylation in infected CD4 T cells in a human tonsil explant model.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- HIV-1 release requires Nef-induced caspase activation.PloS one · 2023Article
- Broadly neutralizing antibodies target the coronavirus fusion peptide.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2022Article
- CD32Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- EBV renders B cells susceptible to HIV-1 in humanized mice.Life science alliance · 2020Article
- Review
- Peripheral blood lymphocyte HIV DNA levels correlate with HIV associated neurocognitive disorders in Nigeria.Journal of neurovirology · 2017Article
- Article
- Glycosylation, hypogammaglobulinemia, and resistance to viral infections.The New England journal of medicine · 2014Article
- Establishment of a CD4-positive cell line from an AIDS-related primary effusion lymphoma.International journal of hematology · 2013Article
- Influence of dendritic cells on B-cell responses during HIV infection.Clinical & developmental immunology · 2012Review
- Siglecs facilitate HIV-1 infection of macrophages through adhesion with viral sialic acids.PloS one · 2011Article
- Stem cell-based approaches to treating HIV infection.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2011Review
- Failure to detect active virus replication in mast cells at various tissue sites of HIV patients by immunohistochemistry.International journal of biological sciences · 2009Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replicates primarily in lymphoid tissues where it has ready access to activated immune competent cells. We used one of the major pathways of immune activation, namely, CD40-CD40L interactions, to study the infectability of B lymphocytes isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Highly enriched populations of B lymphocytes generated in the presence of interleukin-4 and oligomeric soluble CD40L upregulated costimulatory and activation markers, as well as HIV-1 receptors CD4 and CXCR4, but not CCR5. By using single-round competent luciferase viruses complemented with either amphotropic or HIV-derived envelopes, we found a direct correlation between upregulation of HIV-1 receptors and the susceptibility of the B lymphocytes to infection with dual-tropic and T-tropic strains of HIV-1; in contrast, cells were resistant to M-tropic strains of HIV-1. HIV-1 envelope-mediated infection was completely abolished with either an anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody or a peptide known to directly block CXCR4 usage and partially blocked with stromal cell-derived factor 1, all of which had no effect on the entry of virus pseudotyped with amphotropic envelope. Full virus replication kinetics confirmed that infection depends on CXCR4 usage. Furthermore, productive cycles of virus replication occurred rapidly yet under most conditions, without the appearance of syncytia. Thus, an activated immunological environment may induce the expression of HIV-1 receptors on B lymphocytes, priming them for infection with selective strains of HIV-1 and allowing them to serve as a potential viral reservoir.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.