ArticleClinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology1999
Increased levels of alternatively spliced interleukin 4 (IL-4delta2) transcripts in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with systemic sclerosis.
Article in Clinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gene expression changes reflect clinical response in a placebo-controlled randomized trial of abatacept in patients with diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis.Arthritis research & therapy · 2015Trial
- Th1 and Th2 cells in equine endometrosis and their interactions with endometrial fibroblasts.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- B cell depletion treatment decreases CD4+IL4+ and CD4+CD40L+ T cells in patients with systemic sclerosis.Rheumatology international · 2019Article
- The immunopathogenesis of fibrosis in systemic sclerosis.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2019Review
- Immunotherapy of systemic sclerosis.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2018Article
- The Characterization of GSDMB Splicing and Backsplicing Profiles Identifies Novel Isoforms and a Circular RNA That Are Dysregulated in Multiple Sclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2017Article
- Regulation of inflammation by interleukin-4: a review of "alternatives".Journal of leukocyte biology · 2012Review
- Natural production and functional effects of alternatively spliced interleukin-4 protein in asthma.Cytokine · 2012Article
- Alternatively spliced variants of interleukin-4 promote inflammation differentially.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2011Article
- Article
- Basal Activation of Type I Interferons (Alpha2 and Beta) and 2'5'OAS Genes: Insights into Differential Expression Profiles of Interferon System Components in Systemic Sclerosis.International journal of rheumatology · 2011Article
- Pivotal Advance: Th-1 cytokines inhibit, and Th-2 cytokines promote fibrocyte differentiation.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2008Article
- Fibrosis in systemic sclerosis.Rheumatic diseases clinics of North America · 2008Review
- Systemic sclerosis: a prototypic multisystem fibrotic disorder.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2007Review
- Human autoimmune diseases are specific antigen-driven T-cell diseases: identification of the antigens.Immunologic research · 2007Review
- The 6-kilodalton early secreted antigenic target-responsive, asymptomatic contacts of tuberculosis patients express elevated levels of interleukin-4 and reduced levels of gamma interferon.Infection and immunity · 2006Article
- The molecular mechanism of human resistance to HIV-1 infection in persistently infected individuals--a review, hypothesis and implications.Virus genes · 2005Review
- T cell repertoire in patients with stable scleroderma.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2005Article
- Cytokine mRNA repertoire of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in Takayasu's arteritis.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2004Article
- Decreased expression of the CD3zeta chain in T cells infiltrating the synovial membrane of patients with osteoarthritis.Clinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology · 2004Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Recent in vitro studies have shown that interleukin 4 (IL-4) induces and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) inhibits collagen production. To define the TH1(IFN-gamma) and TH2(IL-4) cytokine profiles in systemic sclerosis (Sscl), a disease characterized by widespread fibrosis, we investigated IL-4 and IFN-gamma transcripts in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and plasma protein levels in 13 patients with Sscl. Two previously identified IL-4 transcripts, a full-length transcript and an alternatively spliced (truncated) transcript (designated IL-4delta2), were identified in patients and normal controls. Significantly increased levels of total IL-4 transcripts (full-length plus IL-4delta2 transcripts) were found in patients with Sscl in comparison to those found in healthy controls (P = 0.003), and this increase was primarily due to an increase in the level of the alternatively spliced IL-4delta2 form. The IL-4delta2/full-length-IL-4 transcript ratio was significantly increased in Sscl patients (P < 0.0001, versus healthy controls). Sequencing analysis revealed that the frequency of IL-4 clones carrying the IL-4delta2 transcript was also substantially increased in patients with Sscl. Plasma IL-4 protein levels were increased in Sscl patients compared to those in healthy controls (P = 0.001) and correlated with total IL-4 transcript levels. The up-regulation of the fibrogenic IL-4 (a TH2 cytokine) in Sscl suggests a pathogenic role for IL-4 in this disease.
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Registered trials
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