ArticleCMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne1999
Evaluating reference-based pricing: initial findings and prospects.
Article in CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pharmaceutical policies: effects of reference pricing, other pricing, and purchasing policies.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2014Pooled it
- Bias within economic evaluations - the impact of considering the future entry of lower-cost generics on currently estimated incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of a new drug.ClinicoEconomics and outcomes research : CEOR · 2015Article
- Patient socioeconomic determinants of the choice of generic versus brand name drugs in the context of a reference price system: evidence from Belgian prescription data.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2012Article
- Effects of reference pricing in pharmaceutical markets: a review.PharmacoEconomics · 2011Review
- Does knowledge of medication prices predict physicians' support for cost effective prescribing policies.The Canadian journal of clinical pharmacology = Journal canadien de pharmacologie clinique · 2008Article
- Review
- Quantifying components of drug expenditure inflation: the British Columbia seniors' drug benefit plan.Health services research · 2002Article
- Impact of reference-based pricing for histamine-2 receptor antagonists and restricted access for proton pump inhibitors in British Columbia.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2002Article
- Reference-based pricing schemes: effect on pharmaceutical expenditure, resource utilisation and health outcomes.PharmacoEconomics · 2002Review
- Impact of reference-based pricing of nitrates on the use and costs of anti-anginal drugs.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2001Article
- [Impact and applicability of the system of reference prices].Atencion primaria · 2001Article
- Pharmaceutical policies in Canada: another example of federal-provincial discord.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2000Review
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Reference-based pricing is a controversial policy mechanism used to control pharmaceutical expenditures. After its implementation in some European countries, the British Columbia government introduced a version of reference-based pricing in October 1995. The authors reviewed previous studies of reference-based pricing in other countries and conducted a preliminary assessment of the impacts of the BC system by analysing secondary utilization and cost data. After the introduction of reference-based pricing in other jurisdictions within the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, there was a temporary reduction in the rate of growth of total pharmaceutical expenditures, followed by a return to previous growth trends in subsequent years. Similarly, initial data from BC showed dramatic declines in annual expenditures for drugs within referenced categories (from $42.0 million the year before reference-based pricing was introduced to $23.7 million the year after). Although early evidence suggests that reference-based pricing in BC is indeed reducing drug expenditures, much more research is needed to make a final determination of its success. A more comprehensive and longitudinal evaluation of reference-based pricing is needed and should take into account a wide range of non-cost impacts, the most important of which are the effects on health outcomes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
10463052PMC1230507What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.