ArticleAmerican journal of human genetics1999
Interaction between the functional polymorphisms of the alcohol-metabolism genes in protection against alcoholism.
Article in American journal of human genetics, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 127 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
127 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 472 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genetic architecture of alcohol consumption identified by a genotype-stratified GWAS and impact on esophageal cancer risk in Japanese people.Science advances · 2024Pooled it
- Effect of alcohol on blood pressure.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Meta-Analysis on Associations of Alcohol Metabolism Genes With Alcohol Use Disorder in East Asians.Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire) · 2019Pooled it
- Genomewide Association Study for Maximum Number of Alcoholic Drinks in European Americans and African Americans.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2015Pooled it
- A meta-analysis of two genome-wide association studies to identify novel loci for maximum number of alcoholic drinks.Human genetics · 2013Pooled it
- Further clarification of the contribution of the ADH1C gene to vulnerability of alcoholism and selected liver diseases.Human genetics · 2012Pooled it
- Strong protective effect of the aldehyde dehydrogenase gene (ALDH2) 504lys (*2) allele against alcoholism and alcohol-induced medical diseases in Asians.Human genetics · 2012Pooled it
- ADH1B is associated with alcohol dependence and alcohol consumption in populations of European and African ancestry.Molecular psychiatry · 2012Pooled it
- Strong association of the alcohol dehydrogenase 1B gene (ADH1B) with alcohol dependence and alcohol-induced medical diseases.Biological psychiatry · 2011Pooled it
- Relationship between genetic polymorphisms of ALDH2 and ADH1B and esophageal cancer risk: a meta-analysis.World journal of gastroenterology · 2010Pooled it
- Multi-locus interactions predict risk for post-PTCA restenosis: an approach to the genetic analysis of common complex disease.The pharmacogenomics journal · 2002Trial
- Genomic insights into natural selection in recent human history.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2026Review
- Alcohol consumption: from biochemistry to behavior, health, and beyond.Frontiers in toxicology · 2026Review
- Review
- Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 Gene Mutation May Reduce the Risk of Rupture of Intracranial Aneurysm in Chinese Han Population.Journal of stroke · 2025Article
- Biochemical Diagnosis in Substance and Non-substance Addiction.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
- Coordinated action of a gut-liver pathway drives alcohol detoxification and consumption.Nature metabolism · 2024Article
- Association of ADH1B rs1229984, ADH1C rs698, and ALDH2 rs671 with Alcohol abuse and Alcoholic Cirrhosis in People Living in Northeast Vietnam.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2023Article
- Impact of common ALDH2 inactivating mutation and alcohol consumption on Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2023Review
- The Generation of Nitric Oxide from Aldehyde Dehydrogenase-2: The Role of Dietary Nitrates and Their Implication in Cardiovascular Disease Management.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
67 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The genes that encode the major enzymes of alcohol metabolism, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), exhibit functional polymorphism. The variant alleles ADH2*2 and ADH3*1, which encode high-activity ADH isoforms, and the ALDH2*2 allele, which encodes the low-activity form of ALDH2, protect against alcoholism in East Asians. To investigate possible interactions among these protective genes, we genotyped 340 alcoholic and 545 control Han Chinese living in Taiwan at the ADH2, ADH3, and ALDH2 loci. After the influence of ALDH2*2 was controlled for, multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that allelic variation at ADH3 exerts no significant effect on the risk of alcoholism. This can be accounted for by linkage disequlibrium between ADH3*1 and ADH2*2 ALDH2*2 homozygosity, regardless of the ADH2 genotypes, was fully protective against alcoholism; no individual showing such homozygosity was found among the alcoholics. Logistic regression analyses of the remaining six combinatorial genotypes of the polymorphic ADH2 and ALDH2 loci indicated that individuals carrying one or two copies of ADH2*2 and a single copy of ALDH2*2 had the lowest risk (ORs 0.04-0.05) for alcoholism, as compared with the ADH2*1/*1 and ALDH2*1/*1 genotype. The disease risk associated with the ADH2*2/*2-ALDH2*1/*1 genotype appeared to be about half of that associated with the ADH2*1/*2-ALDH2*1/*1 genotype. The results suggest that protection afforded by the ADH2*2 allele may be independent of that afforded by ALDH2*2.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.